Przegląd Prawno-Ekonomiczny

2024-12-20

Effectiveness of Inflation Targeting Strategy in Times of Financial Instability in Emerging Countries

Souhila Bouhmidi — 2024-12-20

This paper aims to assess the effectiveness of inflation targeting policy in emerging economies during an economic crisis, particularly the 2007 financial and economic crisis. Thus, considering pre-crisis and crisis periods, an econometric model based on the difference-in-differences method (DID) was adopted. The sample consists of twelve inflation-targeting countries, the test group, and twelve non-targeting countries, the control group. The model was estimated using the EGLS method on panel data. The results show that inflation-targeting emerging countries have less control over prices during crisis than emerging countries without inflation-targeting policy.

Diversification of the Demographic Situation in Cities and Towns in Wielkopolskie Voivodeship and Diversification of the Dynamics of Changes in this Situation between 1995 and 2023

Grzegorz Krawczyk — 2024-12-20

The aim of the article is to analyze the demographic situation of cities and towns (urban communes) in Wielkopolskie Voivodship from 1995 to 2023. The source of data for the conducted analysis is Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office (GUS). Taxonomic analysis without a pattern was used for the study. Five variables were analyzed in the studied period of 29 years in the study of 19 cities and towns. As a result of the analysis, a decline in the level of demographic development was observed in the examined period in the studied cities and towns. It was also found that the processes of the development of the cities and towns lead to stratification of their levels of demographic development according to the adopted features. It has been proven that the level of diversity of economic development of cities and towns of the eastern region was growing, despite the declared and pursued policy of equalizing development differences. Poland’s accession to the European Union has changed the trends in terms of the dynamics of the level of demographic development of cities and towns due to the adopted characteristics. There is a relation between Poland’s accession to the European Union and the decline in dynamics of changes in the level of demographic development. The COVID-19 pandemic changed trends in the magnitude of the dynamics of the level of demographic development of cities and towns due to the adopted features. There is a correlation between the pandemic and the decline in the dynamics of changes in the level of demographic development. The size of cities and towns shows a relationship with the index of dynamics of changes in demographic development due to the adopted features. It has been proven that the size of the city or town is statistically significantly correlated with the dynamics index from 2020 to 2021, during the pandemic. It means that as the size of the city or town increases, the dynamics index is growing. The level of demographic development of cities and towns shows a relationship with the dynamics of changes index in demographic development due to the adopted features.

Twenty Years of Poland’s Presence in the European Union. Economic Analysis of Economic Development Against the Background of the German Economy

Karol Papka — 2024-12-20

Over the past two decades, Poland’s economy has experienced spectacular growth. The modernisation of infrastructure and the inflow of EU funds have stimulated Poland’s economic growth. The country’s continually modernised economic structure gives hope for a continuation of the process of catching up with the backlog resulting from the Polish People’s Republic (PRL) period. The purpose of this article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the economic development achieved by Poland against the background of the German economy over the past two decades. The analysis was based on key economic indicators such as GDP in real and nominal terms and GDP per capita according to purchasing power parity, which allow for the assessment of the prevailing macroeconomic situation. To complement the conducted research, the changes that have occurred in the economic structures of both countries as a result of post-industrial transformation, were characterized. Additionally, the authors attempt to show how the countries compare economically with other countries in the European Union.

Public Law Situation of the Entrepreneur – Principal Investigator in Clinical Trials as a Basis for Establishing the Existence of an Employment Relationship with a Pharmacist in These Trials

Tomasz Sienkiewicz — 2024-12-20

The article shows the impact of the public law norms on the formation of the employment relationship of pharmacists employed under an employment contract in a hospital pharmacy in clinical trials. The aim of this article is to show the risk of unintentional establishment of an employment relationship between the entrepreneur – principal investigator and the pharmacist on the basis of public law norms in the absence of properly formalised private law conditions of cooperation between the principal investigator, the contractor – the pharmacist, the facility (often a hospital) and the sponsor, which is often a company financing clinical trials interested in placing the investigated substance on the market.

Effectiveness of Judicial Enforcement in the Swiss Legal System – Case Study

Bartosz Stróżewski — 2024-12-20

The purpose of this article is to examine the effectiveness of enforcement in the Swiss legal system, with a particular focus on atypical enforcement proceedings that do not involve traditional bailiffs. The research questions focus on identifying the main procedures and institutions responsible for enforcement and assessing whether the system balances the interests of debtors and creditors while effectively executing the debt. The analysis showed that the Swiss model is based on well-regulated procedures and institutions, which leads to faster collection of debts without legal dispute. The system benefits from debt enforcement offices at the cantonal level, supervisory bodies and clear legislation. It was noted that the Swiss enforcement system can be a valuable point of reference for conducting a comparative legal analysis between Switzerland and Poland, with a suggestion to transfer some solutions to Polish law. The ideas concerning enforcement offices and the possibility to initiate enforcement proceedings without obtaining a title, which may facilitate procedures for entrepreneurs, are particularly interesting. The Swiss enforcement system appears to be less complicated and creditor-friendly, but at the same time takes into account the interests of debtors, leading to a balance between protecting the interests of both parties. The clarity and transparency of procedures have an impact on favorable resolution of disputes, and the simplicity of initiating enforcement also has a preventive effect. The author highlights the potential of the analysis of the Swiss system to derive general principles for the effectiveness of enforcement in different legal contexts.

Acts of Internal Management in the Chancellery of the Prime Minister

Krystian Wasilewski — 2024-12-20

The purpose of this article is to examine the specific nature of internal management acts applied within the Chancellery of the Prime Minister (KPRM). The research problem centers on the overlap of different forms of leadership – those of the Prime Minister, ministers (including secretaries and undersecretaries of state), and the Head of the Chancellery – and their mutual relationships in the application of internal management acts within the same public administration office. An interesting issue is to determine whether such a complex management structure, involving the coexistence of various governing bodies, is conducive to the effectiveness of the Chancellery’s operations and the fulfilment of the tasks entrusted to it. The organization of the KPRM is, to a certain extent, subject to the current policies of the Council of Ministers, with changes in the organizational structure adjusted to the government’s current priorities. The management of the KPRM is reserved for the Head of the Chancellery, whose role extends beyond typical administrative functions. The Head of the Chancellery is not required to serve as a minister, which makes this position unique in the context of governmental administrative structure. From the perspective of administrative science, an important issue is the overlap of governing authority among the Prime Minister, ministers (including secretaries and undersecretaries of state), and the Head of the Chancellery. An interesting doctrinal issue is the proper understanding of the application of mangerial acts within the Chancellery of the Prime Minister. In this office, internal management acts issued by separate governing bodies coexist but do not always complement one another. This raises the question of whether this complex approach to managing the office enables effective functioning of the public administration and the accomplishment of its tasks.

Procedure for Verifying the Accuracy of Personal Data Collected in the Sex Offender Register

Anna Wolska-Bagińska — 2024-12-20

The article aims to present topics related to the processing of personal data collected in the Sex Offender Register. It discusses the tasks of the Information Office of the National Criminal Register relating to the process of verifying the accuracy of personal data included in the Sex Offender Register. The article also describes the procedure and conditions for updating the data processed in the Sex Offender Register.