Patristic Strands in Kenneth Escott Kirk's Moral Theology
Sławomir Nowosad
John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin , Polandhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6287-7938
Abstract
Anglican theology – moral theology included – has long grounded itself in ancient Christianity to demonstrate its continuity with the Apostolic Church. Consequently, many theologians within the Church of England have turned to the Church Fathers as authoritative guides. Among them, Kenneth Escott Kirk, one of the leading Anglican moral theologians of the twentieth century, regarded patristic sources as indispensable for any authentically Christian account of the moral life. Drawing on a comprehensive analysis of his writings, this paper identifies several key ethical concepts shaped and sustained by the patristic teaching. Foremost among these is the visio Dei, understood as the ultimate end of human existence arising from a transformative personal encounter with God. This central theme is complemented by others: the dynamism of the moral life, the mutual relationship between freedom and grace, the role of worship in Christian existence, and the nature of conscience as both judge and guide. Taken together, these patristically grounded themes enabled Kirk to articulate a form of Christian moral theology that is unmistakably theological in character and spiritually transformative in its intent.
Keywords:
K.E. Kirk, Church Fathers, Anglican moral theology, visio Dei, conscience, worship, freedom, graceReferences
Athanasius, De Incarnatione Verbi Dei, PG 25, 95-196, tr. A. Robertson, Athanasius, On the Incarnation, London 1891.
Athanasius, Vita Antonii, PG 26, 835-976, tr. H. Ellershaw, Athanasius, The Life of Antony, Oxford 1892.
Augustinus, Confessiones, ed. P. Knöll, Vienna 1896, tr. E.B. Pusey, Augustine, The Confessions, Oxford 1838.
Augustinus, De Civitate Dei, PL 41, 13-804, tr. M. Dods, Augustine, The City of God, v. 1-2, Edinburgh 1871.
Augustinus, De Trinitate, PL 42, 819-1098, tr. A.W. Haddan, Augustine, On the Trinity, Edinburgh 1873.
Gregorius Nyssenus, De Vita Moysis, PG 44, 298-433, tr. A.J. Malherbe – E. Ferguson, Gregory of Nyssa, The Life of Moses, New York 1978.
Gregorius Magnus, Moralia in Iob, PL 75, 509-1162; 76, 9-782, tr. Gregory the Great, Morals on the Book of Job, v. 1-4, Oxford 1844-1850.
Gregorius Magnus, Homiliae in Ezechielem Prophetam, PL 76, 785-1072, tr. T. Tomkinson, Gregory the Great, Homilies on the Book of the Prophet Ezekiel, Etna 1990.
Irenaeus, Adversus Haereses, PG 7, 433-1222, tr. J. Keble, Irenaeus, Against Heresies, Oxford 1872.
Kirk K.E., Some Principles of Moral Theology and Their Application, London 1920.
Kirk K.E., Ignorance, Faith and Conformity: Studies in Moral Theology, London 1925.
Kirk K.E., Conscience and Its Problems: An Introduction to Casuistry, London 1927.
Kirk K.E., The Vision of God: The Christian Doctrine of the Summum Bonum, London 1931.
Kirk K.E., The Threshold of Ethics, London 1933.
Kirk K.E., Moral Theology, in: The Study of Theology, ed. K.E. Kirk, London 1939, p. 363-405.
Kirk K.E., Beauty and Bands and Other Papers, ed. E.W. Kemp, London 1955.
Origenes, Contra Celsum, PG 11, 641-1630, tr. F. Crombie, Origen, Against Celsus, in: Ante-Nicene Christian Library, v. 10, 23, Edinburgh 1869-1872.
Origenes, De Principiis, PG 11, 115-412, tr. F. Crombie, Origen, On First Principles, Edinburgh 1869.
Butler C., Western Mysticism: The Teaching of SS. Augustine, Gregory and Bernard on Contemplation and the Contemplative Life, London 1922.
Elmendorf J.J., Elements of Moral Theology Based on the Summa Theologiae of St Thomas Aquinas, New York 1892.
Garnsey G., The Moral Theology of Kenneth Kirk, Bishop of Oxford: Studies in Its Development, Application and Influence (manuscript, 2012).
Inge W.R., Christian Mysticism: Considered in Eight Lectures, Delivered before the University of Oxford, London 1899.
Jones C.D., The Historical and Ecumenical Value of Kenneth Kirk’s Anglican Moral Theology, “Theological Studies” 79/4 (2018) p. 801-817.
Kemp E.W., The Life and Letters of Kenneth Escott Kirk: Bishop of Oxford 1937-1954, London 1959.
Macquarrie J., Three Issues in Ethics, London 1970.
Meyendorff J., Preface, in: Gregory of Nyssa, The Life of Moses, tr. A.J. Malherbe – E. Ferguson, New York 1978, p. XI-XIV.
Nowosad S., Nazwać dobro po imieniu. Sumienie w anglikańskiej teologii moralnej, Lublin 1996.
Nowosad S., Odnowa anglikańskiej teologii moralnej w XX wieku, Lublin 2001.
Nowosad S., Moralne konsekwencje wiary. Szkice anglikańskie, Lublin 2016.
Nowosad S., Ojcowie Kościoła w teologii anglikańskiej, “Vox Patrum” 87 (2023) p. 405-430.
O’Donovan O., Resurrection and Moral Order: An Outline for Evangelical Ethics, Leicester 1986.
Sedgwick P.H., Anglican Moral Theology Today, “Anglican Theological Review” 103/4 (2021) p. 450-467.
Sedgwick P.H., The Development of Anglican Moral Theology, 1680-1950, Leiden – Boston 2024, p. 350-370.
Sedgwick T.F., The New Shape of Anglican Identity, “Anglican Theological Review” 77/2 (1995) p. 187-197.
Shaw J., Ethics and Mysticism: The Work of Kenneth E. Kirk and Some Other Modern Anglicans, “Journal of Anglican Studies” 16/1 (2018) p. 33-49.
Skinner J., Synopsis of Moral and Ascetical Theology, London 1882.
Smith D.H., The Moral Theology or Casuistic Tradition, “Anglican Theological Review” 94/4 (2012) p. 595-613.
Thornton M., Re-Review: Kenneth Kirk’s Some Principles of Moral Theology, “The Modern Churchman” 29/2 (1987) p. 54-57.
Underhill E., Mysticism: A Study in the Nature and Development of Man’s Spiritual Consciousness, London 1911.
Underhill E., The Mystic Way: A Psychological Study in Christian Origins, London 1913.
Webb W.W., The Cure of Souls: A Manual for the Clergy Based Chiefly upon Oriental Authors, New York 1892.
John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6287-7938
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Papers published in Vox Patrum are covered by the Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) licence. Authors and users can use published works licensed under the CC-BY-ND since 2018. For earlier publications, copyrights are available under fair use rights in accordance with the Act of February 4, 1994 on copyrights and related rights.





