Ireland and Byzantium. The Iconoghraphy of the Three Hebrews in the Burning Furnace on the Celtic Crosses
Ryszarda Bulas
Abstract
The article presents illustrations of Dn 3,19-24 in first millennial art. The author shows three types of iconography and compositions this biblical history: Roman, Coptic-Nubian and Irish-Byzantine. The Roman type has character of illustrations instead two others from Christian East are symbolical.
Keywords:
Burning furnace, Book of Daniel, Iconography, celtic cross, Ireland, ByzantiumReferences
Age of Spirituality. Late antiąue and Early Christian Art. Third to seventh century. Catalogue of the exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (19 XI 1977 through 12 II 1978), ed. K. Weitzmann, New York 1979
Brubaker L., Vision and Meaning in Ninth-century Byzantion. Image as Exegesis in the Homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus, Cambridge 1999
Byzatine East, Latin West. Art-Historical Studies in Honor of Kurt Weitzmann, ed. Ch. Moss - K. Kieler, New Jersey 1995
Carletti C., I tre giovani ebrei di Babilonia nell’arte cristiana antica, Brescia 1975
Chadwick N.K., The Age of the Early Celtic Church, London 1961
Ebersolt J., Orient and Occident. Recherches sur les influences byzantines et orientales en France avant et pendant les Croisades, Paris 1954
Filarska B., Początki sztuki chrześcijańskiej, Lublin 1986
Frye R.N., Byzantine and Sasanian trade relations with northeastern Russia, DOP 26 (1972)
Grabar A., Le rayonnement de Vart. Sassanide dans monde chretien, w: Atti del convegno internationale sul tema: La Persia nel Medioevo (Roma, 31 III – 5 IV 1970), Roma 1971, 503-515
Harbison P., The High Crosses of lreland. An Iconographical and Photographic survey, I, Bonn 1992
Henry F., Irish art during the Viking Invasions (800-1020 A.D.), London 1967
Hillgarth J.N., The East, Visigothic Spain and the Irish, StPatr 4 (1961) 442-456
Kessler H.L., 77;e miniatures of the Sacra Parallela: Parisinus Graecus 923, „Speculum” 56 (1981) 208-220
Łaptaś M. - Jakobielski S., „ Unknown” mural of the three youths in a fiery furnace from the Faras cathedral, w: Ars Greca, Ars Latina, red. W. Batus - W. Ceran - O. Jurewicz i in., Kraków 2001
Rassart M., Les trois Hebreux dans la Furnaise en Egypte et en Nubie chretienne. Studi di onore di Uga Manneret de Villard, I: La valle del Nila in epoca Cristiana = „Rivista degli Studi Orientali” 58 (1987)
Rassart-Debergh M., Les trois Hebreux dans Part paleochretien iconographie, „Byzantion” 48 (1978) 430-455
Richardson H., Jewelled Cross and its canopy, w: From the Isles of the North. Early medieval art in Ireland and Britain, ed. C. Bourke, Belfast 1995, 177-186
Richardson H. - Scarry J., A n Introduction to Irish High Crosses, Dublin 1990
Romilly Allen J., Early Christian symbolism in Great Britain and Ireland. The High Crosses of Ireland, London 1887
Scholz P.O., Christlicher Orient und Irland, w: Nubia et Oriens Christianus. Festschrift fur C. Detlef G. Muller zum 60. Geburtstag, ed. P.O. Scholz - R. Stempel, Koln 1987, 387-443
Spatharakis I., The Portraits and the date of the Codex Par.Gr. 510, „Cahiers Archeologiąues” 23 (1974)
Varnadsky G., The Eurasian Nomads and their Art in the history of civilization, „Saeculum” 1 (1950) 74-86
Walton A., The Three Hebrew Children in the Fiery Furnace. A Study in Christian Iconography, w: Medieval Mediterranean: Crosscultural Contacts, ed. M.J. Chiat - K.L. Reyerson. St. Cloud Minn. 1988
Weitzmann K., Art in the Medieval West and its contacts with Byzantium, London 1982
Weitzmann K., Sacra Parallela Parissinus Graecus, Princeton 1979
Werner M., The Madonna and Child Miniature in the Book of Kells, part I-II, „The Art Bulletin” 54 (1972)
Wessel K., L ’art copte. L ’art antiąue de la Basse-epoąue en Egypte, Bruxelles 1964
Wilpert J., Die Romischen Mosaiken und Malereien der Bauten vom bis 13. Jahrhundert, I-IV, Freiburg 1916
Wronikowska B., Picturae sacrae. Motywy ikonograficzne malowideł przedkonstantyńskich w chrześcijańskich katakumbach Rzymu, Lublin 1990
Brubaker L., Vision and Meaning in Ninth-century Byzantion. Image as Exegesis in the Homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus, Cambridge 1999
Byzatine East, Latin West. Art-Historical Studies in Honor of Kurt Weitzmann, ed. Ch. Moss - K. Kieler, New Jersey 1995
Carletti C., I tre giovani ebrei di Babilonia nell’arte cristiana antica, Brescia 1975
Chadwick N.K., The Age of the Early Celtic Church, London 1961
Ebersolt J., Orient and Occident. Recherches sur les influences byzantines et orientales en France avant et pendant les Croisades, Paris 1954
Filarska B., Początki sztuki chrześcijańskiej, Lublin 1986
Frye R.N., Byzantine and Sasanian trade relations with northeastern Russia, DOP 26 (1972)
Grabar A., Le rayonnement de Vart. Sassanide dans monde chretien, w: Atti del convegno internationale sul tema: La Persia nel Medioevo (Roma, 31 III – 5 IV 1970), Roma 1971, 503-515
Harbison P., The High Crosses of lreland. An Iconographical and Photographic survey, I, Bonn 1992
Henry F., Irish art during the Viking Invasions (800-1020 A.D.), London 1967
Hillgarth J.N., The East, Visigothic Spain and the Irish, StPatr 4 (1961) 442-456
Kessler H.L., 77;e miniatures of the Sacra Parallela: Parisinus Graecus 923, „Speculum” 56 (1981) 208-220
Łaptaś M. - Jakobielski S., „ Unknown” mural of the three youths in a fiery furnace from the Faras cathedral, w: Ars Greca, Ars Latina, red. W. Batus - W. Ceran - O. Jurewicz i in., Kraków 2001
Rassart M., Les trois Hebreux dans la Furnaise en Egypte et en Nubie chretienne. Studi di onore di Uga Manneret de Villard, I: La valle del Nila in epoca Cristiana = „Rivista degli Studi Orientali” 58 (1987)
Rassart-Debergh M., Les trois Hebreux dans Part paleochretien iconographie, „Byzantion” 48 (1978) 430-455
Richardson H., Jewelled Cross and its canopy, w: From the Isles of the North. Early medieval art in Ireland and Britain, ed. C. Bourke, Belfast 1995, 177-186
Richardson H. - Scarry J., A n Introduction to Irish High Crosses, Dublin 1990
Romilly Allen J., Early Christian symbolism in Great Britain and Ireland. The High Crosses of Ireland, London 1887
Scholz P.O., Christlicher Orient und Irland, w: Nubia et Oriens Christianus. Festschrift fur C. Detlef G. Muller zum 60. Geburtstag, ed. P.O. Scholz - R. Stempel, Koln 1987, 387-443
Spatharakis I., The Portraits and the date of the Codex Par.Gr. 510, „Cahiers Archeologiąues” 23 (1974)
Varnadsky G., The Eurasian Nomads and their Art in the history of civilization, „Saeculum” 1 (1950) 74-86
Walton A., The Three Hebrew Children in the Fiery Furnace. A Study in Christian Iconography, w: Medieval Mediterranean: Crosscultural Contacts, ed. M.J. Chiat - K.L. Reyerson. St. Cloud Minn. 1988
Weitzmann K., Art in the Medieval West and its contacts with Byzantium, London 1982
Weitzmann K., Sacra Parallela Parissinus Graecus, Princeton 1979
Werner M., The Madonna and Child Miniature in the Book of Kells, part I-II, „The Art Bulletin” 54 (1972)
Wessel K., L ’art copte. L ’art antiąue de la Basse-epoąue en Egypte, Bruxelles 1964
Wilpert J., Die Romischen Mosaiken und Malereien der Bauten vom bis 13. Jahrhundert, I-IV, Freiburg 1916
Wronikowska B., Picturae sacrae. Motywy ikonograficzne malowideł przedkonstantyńskich w chrześcijańskich katakumbach Rzymu, Lublin 1990
Bulas, R. (2008). Irlandia a Bizancjum. Ikonografia "Trzech Hebrajczyków w piecu ognistym" na krzyżach celtyckich. Vox Patrum, 52(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.31743/vp.6258
Ryszarda Bulas
vox.patrum@kul.pl
License
Papers published in Vox Patrum are covered by the Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) licence. Authors and users can use published works licensed under the CC-BY-ND since 2018. For earlier publications, copyrights are available under fair use rights in accordance with the Act of February 4, 1994 on copyrights and related rights.
