Medieval Slavic Translations of the "Miracles of Saint Menas": Sources and Textual Problems

Jan Stradomski

Jagiellonian University image/svg+xml , Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7318-6534


Abstract

A collection of miracles attributed to St Menas appeared in medieval Old Church Slavonic literature as a result of contacts between Orthodox Slavs in the Balkans and Byzantine Christian literature. By the 10th century, at least two distinct translations of the had likely been produced in Bulgaria. These translations have been preserved in Slavic collection manuscripts (dating from the late 13th to the 17th centuries) in both an abridged version (a compilation of several miracles) and a full translation of the entire collection, comprising 13 miracles. This article presents the current state of research on the subject, the most important sources, the hypothesized routes of migration of Greek sources into Old Church Slavonic (and later Church Slavonic) literature, and a proposed reconstruction of the transmission process of these translations within the Slavic textual tradition.

Keywords:

St Menas, Greek/Byzantine literary, Orthodox Slavdom, Hagiography, Church-Slavic literature

Supporting Agencies:

National Science Centre in Poland


Bulgaria, Sofia, SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library, НБКМ 1039, 14th c., ed. Atanasova, Totomanova 2018, in: http://digilib.nationallibrary.bg:8082/show-sr?id=78 (accessed: 15.05.2025).

Croatia, Zagreb, Library of Croatian Academy of Arts and Sciences, III c 24, last qua. of 14th c., fol.185v-189v, Atanassova 2008 (testimonia/variants to edition Ms. НБКМ 1039).

Germany, Berlin, Berlin State Library, Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Wuk 48, (Berlinski Sbornik), 13/14th c., edition – Graz 1988, Sofia-Wien 2006.

Greece, Mount Athos, Hilandar Monastery, Hil.441, 1624, fol. 59r-70v; Д. Богдановић, Каталог ћирилских рукописа манастира Хиландара, Београд 1978, p. 168‑169 [D. Bogdanović, Katalog ćirilskih rukopisa manastira Hilandara, Beograd 1978, p. 168‑169]; Кл. Иванова, Хилендарски чети-нинеи на монах Аверкие от XIV век, in: България и Сърбия в контекста на византийската цивилизация. Сборник статии от българо-сръбски симпозиум 14‑16 септември 2003, София 2005, p. 313‑327 [K. Ivanova, Hilendarski cheti-minei na monakh Averkie ot XIV vek, in: Bulgaria i Sŭrbiya v konteksta na vizantiĭskata tsivilizatsiya. Sbornik statii ot bŭlgaro-srŭbski simpozium 14–16 septemvri 2003, Sofia 2005, p. 313‑327.], Atanassova 2008 (testimonia/variants to edition Ms. НБКМ 1039).

Romania, Bucharest, Romanian Academy Library, BAR 552, 15/16th c.; fol. 160v-166r; Mircea I.R, Répertoire des manuscrits slaves en Roumanie. Auteurs byzantines et slaves, Sofia 2005, p. 175.

Romania, Dragomirna Monastery, Драг.700, 15/16th c.; Зл. Юфу, За десеттомната колекция Студион (Из архива на румънския изследвач Йон Юфу), in: Studia Balkanica. Проучвания по случай Втория международен конгрес по балканистика. София, 1970, 311‑317 [Yufu, Zl. Za desettomnata kolektsia Studion (Iz arhiva na rumanskia izsledvach Yon Yufu), V: Studia Balkanica. Prouchvania po sluchay Vtoria mezhdunaroden kongres po balkanistika. Sofia, 1970, p. 311‑317]; Mircea I.R, Répertoire des manuscrits slaves en Roumanie. Auteurs byzantines et slaves, Sofia 2005, 162 (Dragomirna 1789/700); BHBS, p. 68.

Russia, Moscow, Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents, РГАДА ф.181 № 1002, mid 16th c., fol.468‑483; Каталог славяно-русских рукописных книг века хранящихся в Российском гасударственном архиве древних актов. Вып. 2, под ред. Л.В. Мошковой, Москва 2014, p. 109‑114 [Katalog slavyano-russkikh rukopisnykh knig veka, khranyashchikhsya v Rossiyskom gosudarstvennom arkhive drevnikh aktov. Vyp. 2, red. L.V. Moshkovoy, Moscow 2014, p. 109‑114].

Russia, Moscow, Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents, РГАДА ф.201 № 53, 1550, fol. 164v-186; Каталог славяно-русских, p. 102‑109.

Russia, Moscow, Russian State Library, РГБ ф.113 № 194(592), end of 15th c., in: https://lib-fond.ru/lib-rgb/113/f-113‑592/ (accessed: 15.05.2025).

Russia, Moscow, Russian State Library, РГБ ф.178, M.3170, 16th c., Музейное собрание рукописей: Описание. Под ред. И.М. Кудрявцева, Москва 1968‑1974 (машинопис, № 3006‑11092), BHBS, p. 80‑81.

Russia, Moscow, Russian State Library, РГБ ф.212 № 15, 1 half of 17th c., in: https://lib-fond.ru/lib-rgb/212/f-212‑15/ (accessed: 15.05.2025).

Russia, Moscow, Russian State Library, РГБ ф.212, № 13, half of 16th c., in: https://lib-fond.ru/lib-rgb/212/f-212‑13/ (accessed: 15.05.2025).

Russia, Moscow, Russian State Library, РГБ ф.304/I (ТСЛ) № 669, half of 15th c., in: https://lib-fond.ru/lib-rgb/304-i/f-304i-669/ (accessed: 15.05.2025).

Russia, Moscow, Russian State Library, РГБ ф.304/I (ТСЛ) № 670, 16th c., in: https://lib-fond.ru/lib-rgb/304-i/f-304i-670/ (accessed: 15.05.2025).

Russia, Moscow, Russian State Library, РГБ ф.304/I (ТСЛ) № 782, 16th c., in: https://lib-fond.ru/lib-rgb/304-i/f-304i-782/ (accessed: 15.05.2025).

Russia, Moscow, Russian State Library, РГБ ф.304/I (ТСЛ) № 783, 16th c., in: https://lib-fond.ru/lib-rgb/304-i/f-304i-783/ (accessed: 15.05.2025).

Russia, Moscow, Russian State Library, РГБ ф.304/I (ТСЛ) № 793, 16th c., in: https://lib-fond.ru/lib-rgb/304-i/f-304i-793/ (accessed: 15.05.2025).

Russia, Moscow, Russian State Library, РГБ ф.98 № 19,1643, in: https://lib-fond.ru/lib-rgb/98/f-98‑19/ (accessed: 15.05.2025).

Russia, Moscow, Russian State Library, РГБ ф.98 № 191, 2 half of 17th c., in: https://lib-fond.ru/lib-rgb/98/f-98‑191/ (accessed: 15.05.2025).

Russia, Moscow, Russian State Library, РГБ ф.98 № 23, 2 half of 16th c., in: https://lib-fond.ru/lib-rgb/98/f-98‑23/ (accessed: 15.05.2025).

Russia, Moscow, Russian State Library, РГБ ф.98 № 89, 2 half of 16th c., https://lib-fond.ru/lib-rgb/98/f-98‑89/ (accessed: 15.05.2025).

Russia, Saint Petersburg, National Library of Russia, РНБ ф. 717 Сол. № 505/524, 1560‑1570, in: https://nlr.ru/manuscripts/RA1527/elektronnyiy-katalog?ab=17126AE3‑4BE8‑413F-B3EB-AE26DBB1927F (accessed: 15.05.2025).

Russia, Saint Petersburg, National Library of Russia, РНБ ф.550 O.п.I.15, 14th c., lost folia of Berlinski Sbornik (Wuk 48), in: https://nlr.ru/manuscripts/RA1527/elektronnyiy-katalog?ab=1D3F5C18‑17BE-4034-B69B-9CFAC8B1C09A (accessed: 15.05.2025).

Russia, Saint Petersburg, National Library of Russia, РНБ ф.728, Соф. № 1319, 1529‑1541 Новгородски чети-минеи, in: https://nlr.ru/manuscripts/RA1527/elektronnyiy-katalog?ab=74A555A1‑8479‑4C9B-8B0B-182B1ABC8384 (accessed: 15.05.2025).

Serbia, Belgrad, National Library of Serbia, Pc.59, 1614‑1625, fol. 305‑310; Штављанин-Ђорђевић, Љ., М. Гроздановић-Паjић, Л. Цернић. Опис ћирилских рукописа Народне библиотеке Србиjе, Београд 1986, p. 135 [Štavljanin-Đorđević, Lj., M. Grozdanović-Pajić, L. Crnić. Opis ćirilskih rukopisa Narodne biblioteke Srbije, Beograd 1986, p. 135.]; BHBS, p. 132‑134, Atanassova 2008 (testimonia/variants to edition Ms. НБКМ 1039).

Serbia, Dečani Monastery, Деч. 94, 14th c., 360‑368; BHBS, p. 132‑134, Atanassova 2008 (testimonia/variants to edition Ms. НБКМ 1039).

Dimitriy Rostovskiy, Kniga zhitiĭ svyatykh, v. 1: (Sentiabr’, okt’iabr’, noiabr’), Kiev 1764 [Димитрий Ростовский, Книга житий святых, кн. 1: (Сентябрь, октябрь, ноябрь), Киев 1764].

Miklas H. – Taseva L. – Jovčeva M., Berlinski Sbornik: Ein kirchenslavisches Denkmal mittelbulgarischer Redaktion des beginnenden 14. Jahrhunderts ergänzt aus weiteren handschriftlichen Quellen, Sofia – Wien 2006.

Miklas H. – Zagrebin V., Berlinski sbornik, Graz 1988.

Petkov G. – Spasova M., Tarnovskata redaktsiya na Stishniya Prolog. Tekstove. Leksikalen indeks, v. 3: Mesets noemvri, Plovdiv 2009 [Петков Г. – Спасова М., Търновската редакция на Стишния пролог. Текстове. Лексикален индекс. Т. 3, месец ноември, Пловдив 2009].

Stanislavov cheti-miney, v. 1: Izdanie na teksta, ed. D. Atanasova – A.M. Totomanova, Sofia 2018 [Станиславов чети-миней, t. 1: Издание на текста, D. Атанасова – A.M. Тотоманова, София, 2018].

Synaxarium Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae. E codice Sirmondiano nunc Berolinensi. Adiectis synaxariis selectis, ed. H. Delehaye, Bruxellis 1902 [= Synaxarium Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae: Propylaeum ad Acta Sanctorum Novembris].

Zhitie prepodobnago Paisiia Velikago i Timoḟeia patriarkha Aleksandriĭskago poviestvovanie o chudesakh'' sv. Velikomuchenika Miny, ed. I. Pomialovskiĭ, Saint Petersburg 1900 [Житие преподобнaго Паисия Великaго и Тимофея патриарха Александрийскaго повѣствование о чудесахъ св. великомученика Мины. Изд. по рукописям Моск. синодальной библиотеки, И. Помяловский, Санкт-Петербург 1900].

Atanassova D.P., The Miracles of the Great Martyr Menas in the Medieval Slavic Pre-Metaphrastic Menaia-Cheti (critical edition of the text, based on MS 1039 from the National Library “SS Cyril and Methodius” Sofia), “Scripta & e-Scripta” 6 (2008) p. 305‑324.

Atanassova D.P., Chetivata za sv. Mina v (yuzhno)slavyanskite kalendarni sbornitsi, “Palaeobulgarica-Starobalgaristika” 48/2 (2024) p. 59‑82 [Атанасова Д.П., Четивата за св. Мина в (южно)славянските календарни сборници, “Palaeobulgarica-Старобългаристика” 48/2 (2024) p. 59‑82].

Chynczewska-Hennel T., Between Slavia Latina and Slavia Orthodoxa. The Discussion of Ihor Skochylyas with the Concept by Riccardo Picchio, “Studia Polsko-Ukraińskie” 9 (2022) p. 179‑186.

Delehaye H., L’invention des reliques de saint Ménas à Constantinople, “Analecta Bollondiana” 29 (1910) p. 117‑150.

Dmitrievskii A.A., Opisanie liturgicheskikh rukopisei, khranyashchikhsya v bibliotekakh pravoslavnogo Vostoka, v. 1, Kiev 1895 (fototip. ed. Hildesheim, 1965) [Дмитриевский А.А., Описание литургических рукописей, хранящихся в библиотеках православного Востока, t. 1, Киев 1895 (fototip. ed. Hildesheim, 1965)].

Ehrhard A., Überlieferung und Bestand der hagiographischen und homiletischen Literatur der griechischen Kirche von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts, v. 1, Leipzig 1937.

Franchi deʼ Cavalieri P., Hagiographica. 1. Osservazioni sulle leggende dei ss. martiri mena e Trifone, Roma 1908.

Goldblatt H., Guidelines to the study of the literary civilization of orthodox slavdom, “Krakowsko-Wileńskie Studia Slawistyczne: seria poświęcona starożytnościom słowiańskim” 15/2 (2019) p. 9‑40 (Krakow-Vilnius Slavic Studies: a series dedicated to Slavic antiquities).

Hristova-Shomova I., Sluzhebniiat Apostol v slavianskata rukopisna traditsiia, v. 1: Izsledvane na biblijskiia tekst, Sofia 2004 [Христова-Шомова И., Служебният Апостол в славянската ръкописна традиция, t. 1: Изследване на библейския текст, София 2004].

Moszyński L., Wstęp do filologii słowiańskiej, Warszawa 1984.

Pentkovskaia T.V., K istorii ispravleniia bogosluzhebnykh knig v Drevnei Rusi v XIV veke. Chudovskaia redaktsiia Novogo Zaveta, Moskva 2009 [Пентковская Т.В., К истории исправления богослужебных книг в Древней Руси в XIV веке. Чудовская редакция Нового Завета, Москва 2009].

Picchio R., Letteratura della Slavia ortodossa (IX‑XVIII sec.), Bari 1991.

Pichkhadze A.A., Slav. ETER: k voprosu o gruppirovke drevneslavianskikh pamiatnikov, “Scrinium: Journal of Patrology, Critical Hagiography and Ecclesiastical History” 7‑8/2 (2011‑2012) p. 219‑236 [Пичхадзе А.А., Слав. ЕТЕРЪ: к вопросу о группировке древнеславянских памятников, “Scrinium: Journal of Patrology, Critical Hagiography and Ecclesiastical History” 7‑8/2 (2011‑2012) p. 219‑236].

Predvaritel’nyi svodnyi katalog tserkovnoslavyanskikh prolozhnykh tekstov, v. 2: Oktyabr’, ed. M. Chistyakova, Vilnius 2019 [Предварительный сводный каталог церковнославянских проложных текстов, t. 2: Октябрь, M. Чистякова, Вильнюс 2019].

Preotkrivane: Suprasl’ski sbornik, starobulgarski pametnik ot X vek – Rediscovery: Bulgarian codex Suprasliensis of 10th century, ed. A. Miltenova, Sofia 2012 [Преоткриване: Супрасълски сборник, старобългарски паметник от Х век – Rediscovery: Bulgarian codex Suprasliensis of 10th century, ed. A. Miltenova, Sofia 2012].

Sergey (Spasskiy), arkhiep., Polnyy mesyatseslov Vostoka: V trekh tomakh, v. 1‑3, Moscow 1997 [Сергий (Спасский), архиеп., Полный месяцеслов Востока: В трех томах, v. 1‑3, Москва 1997].

Silvano L. – Varalda P., Per l’edizione dei Miracula sancti Menae (BHG 1256‑1269), “Philologia Antiqua” 12 (2019) p. 51‑85.

Slavyano-russkii Prolog po drevneishim spiskam. Sinaksar’ (zhitiinaia chast’ Prologa kratkoi redaktsii) za sentiabr’-fevral’, t. 1: Tekst i kommentarii, ed. L.V. Prokopenko, Moskva 2010 [Славяно-русский Пролог по древнейшим спискам. Синаксарь (житийная часть Пролога краткой редакции) за сентябрь-феврал, t. 1: Текст и комментари, изд. и подгот. Л.В. Прокопенко, Москва 2010].

Turilov A.A., K istorii Stishnogo prologa na Rusi, “Drevniaia Rus’. Voprosy medievistiki” 23/1 (2006) p. 70‑75 [А.А. Турилов, К истории Стишного пролога на Руси, “Древная Русь. Вопросы медиевистики” 23/1 (2006) p. 70‑75].

Download

Published
2025-06-15


Stradomski, J. (2025). Medieval Slavic Translations of the "Miracles of Saint Menas": Sources and Textual Problems. Vox Patrum, 94, 101–126. https://doi.org/10.31743/vp.18042


License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Papers published in Vox Patrum are covered by the Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) licence. Authors and users can use published works licensed under the CC-BY-ND since 2018. For earlier publications, copyrights are available under fair use rights in accordance with the Act of February 4, 1994 on copyrights and related rights.