The moral signifiance of the gesture of anointing Jesus’ feet and head in Joachim of Fiore’s quaestio de Maria Magdalena et Maria sorore Lazari et Marthae
Jan Grzeszczak
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu , PolandAbstract
Joachim of Fiore (1135-1202) – a Middle Age exegete and mystic – is the author of an impressive work on the vision of history, whose most renown element is the tertius status, i.e. the age of the Holy Spirit which precedes the end of the world and the Final Judgment. As an author, Joachim was also interested in the history of religious life in the Middle Ages and in various exegetical tools which he developed to analyze this subject. In his works, especially the minor ones, he also discusses practical problems related to religious life in the 12th century. The small tractate, Questio de Maria Magdalena et Maria sorore Lazari et Marthae, has been preserved in a single 13th century manuscript and is kept in the Biblioteca Antoniana in Padua. In his exegesis on various Gospel passages which deal with the anointing of Jesus’ feet and head in Galilee and Bethany, Joachim of Fiore intends to show that the actions of women who performed this gesture possess a hidden moral significance: the certainty concerning the internal unity that occurs between contemplation and the virtue of humility. An example of this unity is Mary of Bethany who anointed the feet of Jesus and wiped them with her hair (cf. Jn 12:3) as a person who is humble and – at the same time – given to contemplation. Still – according to Joachim – as a righteous person, she had the right to reach for the head of the Savior.
Keywords:
women in the Gospel, Joachim of Fiore, humilityReferences
Ambrosius Mediolanensis, Expositio Evangelii secundum Lucam libris X comprehensa, PL 15, 1527-1850.
Epistola Clementis III. papae ad Ioachimum abbatem de Curatio, ed. A. Patschovsky – G.L. Potestà, w: Ioachim abbas Florensis, Scripta breviora, Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Antiquitates 40, Roma 2014, 471-474.
Gregorius Magnus, Dialogi, I-III, éd. A. De Vogüé, SCh 260, Paris 1979, tłum. E. Czerny – A. Świderkówna, w: Św. Grzegorz Wielki, Dialogi, ŹM 23, Kraków 2007 – Tyniec, 85-286.
Gregorius Magnus, XL homiliarum in Evangelia libri duo, PL 76, 1075-1312.
Ioachim Abbas Florensis, Concordia Novi ac Veteris Testamenti, hrsg. A. Patschovsky, MGH, Quellen zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters 28, t. 2-3, Wiesbaden 2017, tłum. P. Grad: Joachim z Fiore, Księga zgodności Starego i Nowego Testamentu (fragmenty), „Kronos. Metafizyka, kultura, religia” 29 (2014) nr 2, 36-41.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, De articulis fidei ad fratrem Iohannem. Confessio fidei, ed. V. De Fraja, Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Antiquitates 37, Roma 2012, 1-61.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, De prophetia ignota, ed. A. Patschovsky – G.L. Potestà, w: tenże, Scripta breviora, Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Antiquitates 40, Roma 2014, 55-90; Gioacchino da Fiore, Commento a una profezia ignota, a cura di M. Kaup, Opere di Gioacchino da Fiore: testi e strumenti 10, Roma 1999, 151-181.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, De septem sigillis, w: J.E. Wannenmacher, Hermeneutik der Heilsgeschichte: De septem sigillis und die sieben Siegel im Werk Joachims von Fiore, Leiden 2005, 336-355, tłum. A. Serafin: Joachim z Fiore, O siedmiu pieczęciach, „Kronos. Metafizyka, kultura, religia” 29 (2014) nr 2, 74-77.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, De ultimis tribulationibus, ed. A. Patschovsky – G.L. Potestà, w: tenże, Scripta breviora, Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Antiquitates 40, Roma 2014, 281-310.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, Epistola ad abbatem A. Veldonensis monasterii, ed. A. Patschovsky – G.L. Potestà, w: tenże, Scripta breviora, Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Antiquitates 40, Roma 2014, 325-334, tłum. M. Beściak – D. Budzanowska: Joachim z Fiore, List do Wielebnego Opata Valdony, „Kronos. Metafizyka, kultura, religia” 29 (2014) nr 2, 78-80.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, Epistola testamentaria, ed. A. Patschovsky – G.L. Potestà, w: tenże, Scripta breviora, Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Antiquitates 40, Roma 2014, 385-392.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, Epistola Universis Christi fidelibus, ed. A. Patschovsky – G.L. Potestà, w: tenże, Scripta breviora, Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Antiquitates 40, Roma 2014, 353-369, tłum. M. Beściak – D. Budzanowska: Joachim z Fiore, List do wszystkich wiernych, „Kronos. Metafizyka, kultura, religia” 29 (2014) nr 2, 81-85.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, Expositio in Apocalypsim, Venetiis 1527 [reprint: Frankfurt a.M. 1964], tłum. D. Nowakowski: Joachim z Fiore, Wykład Apokalipsy (fragmenty), „Kronos. Metafizyka, kultura, religia” 29 (2014) nr 2, 56-60.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, Genealogia sanctorum antiquorum patrum, ed. A. Patschovsky – G.L. Potestà, w: tenże, Scripta breviora, Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Antiquitates 40, Roma 2014, 15-28.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, Hymnus de regno patriae supernae, ed. A. Patschovsky – G.L. Potestà, w: tenże, Scripta breviora, Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Antiquitates 40, Roma 2014, 453-462.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, Intelligentia super calathis ad abbatem Gafridum, ed. A. Patschovsky – G.L. Potestà, w: tenże, Scripta breviora, Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Antiquitates 40, Roma 2014, 183-217.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, Praefatio (Apocalypsis liber ultimus, Locuturi aliquid), ed. K.-V. Selge, w: Gioacchino da Fiore, Introduzione all’Apocalisse, Opere di Gioacchino da Fiore: testi e strumenti 6, Roma 1995, 26-45, tłum. P. Grad: Joachim z Fiore, Wprowadzenie do Apokalipsy, „Kronos. Metafizyka, kultura, religia” 29 (2014) nr 2, 42-55.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, Psalterium decem cordarum, hrsg. K.-V. Selge, MGH, Quellen zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters 20, Hannover 2009, tłum. M. Beściak: Joachim z Fiore, Psalterium o dziesięciu strunach (fragmenty), „Kronos. Metafizyka, kultura, religia” 29 (2014) nr 2, 61-73.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, Quaestio de Maria Magdalena et Maria sorore Lazari et Marthae, w: tenże, Scripta breviora, ed. A. Patschovsky – G.L. Potestà, Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Antiquitates 40, Roma 2014, 243-260.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, Soliloquium, ed. A. Patschovsky – G.L. Potestà, w: tenże, Scripta breviora, Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Antiquitates 40, Roma 2014, 113-147.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, Tractatus in expositionem vite et regule beati Benedicti cum appendice fragmenti (I) de duobus prophetis in novissimis diebus praedicaturis, ed. A. Patschovsky, Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Antiquitates 29, Roma 2008.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, Visio admirandae historiae, ed. A. Patschovsky – G.L. Potestà, w: tenże, Scripta breviora, Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Antiquitates 40, Roma 2014, 439-451.
Vita beati Joachimi abbatis, ed. S. Oliverio, „Florensia” 16-17 (2002-2003) 220-230.
Fraja V. De, Un’antologia gioachimita: il manoscritto 322 della Biblioteca Antoniana di Padova, SM 32 (1991) nr 1, 231-258.
Leo P. De, Gioacchino da Fiore. Aspetti inediti della vita e delle opere, Soveria Mannelli 1988.
Denifle H., Das Evangelium aeternum und die Commission zu Anagni, „Archiv für Literatur und Kirchengeschichte des Mittelalters” 1 (1885) 99-142.
Fonseca C.D., Gioacchino da Fiore tra riforma del monachesimo e attesa della fine, w: Gioacchino da Fiore tra Bernardo di Clairvaux e Innocenzo III. Atti del 5° Congresso internazionale di studi gioachimiti, San Giovanni in Fiore – 16-21 settembre 1999, a cura di R. Rusconi, Opere di Gioacchino da Fiore: testi e strumenti 13, Roma 2001, 13-26.
Grundmann H., Ausgewählte Aufsätze, teil 2: Joachim von Fiore, MGH, Schriften 25/2, Stuttgart 1977.
Grundmann H., Kirchenfreiheit und Kaisermacht um 1190 in der Sicht Joachims von Fiore, „Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters” 19 (1963) 353-396.
Grundmann H., Studien über Joachim von Floris, Leipzig – Berlin 1927. (Crossref)
Grzeszczak J., Chwila jest bliska. Wizje końca w literaturze profetycznej (XII-XX wiek), Poznań 2011.
Grzeszczak J., Głos teologa w sprawach średniowiecznej polityki. Diagramy Roma i Babilonia oraz ich wymowa doktrynalna i moralna, „Kronos. Metafizyka, kultura, reli¬gia” (2014) nr 2, 122-140.
Grzeszczak J., Joachim z Fiore i filozofia dziejów, w: Przewodnik po filozofii średniowiecznej. Od św. Augustyna do Joachima z Fiore, red. A. Kijewska, Kraków 2012, 341-358.
Grzeszczak J., Joachim z Fiore. Średniowieczny przyczynek do teologii dziejów, Poznań 2006.
Grzeszczak J., Późnośredniowieczne dziedzictwo Joachima z Fiore: Summula seu Breviloquium super Concordia Novi ac Veteris Testamenti, w: Deum et animam scire. Teksty filozoficzne dedykowane księdzu arcybiskupowi profesorowi Markowi Jędraszewskiemu, red. J. Grzeszczak – K. Stachewicz, Poznań 2015, 353-374.
Grzeszczak J., Two Diagrams Rome and Babylon and Their Doctrinal and Moral Message, „Annali di scienze religiose” 5 (2012) 141-170. (Crossref)
Kaup M., Introduzione, w: Gioacchino da Fiore, Commento a una profezia ignota, a cura di M. Kaup, Opere di Gioacchino da Fiore: testi e strumenti 10, Roma 1999, 7-143.
McGinn B., The Calabrian Abbot. Joachim of Fiore in the History of Western Thought, New York 1985.
Patschovsky A., Quaestio de Maria Magdalena – Einleitung, w: Ioachim abbas Florensis, Scripta breviora, ed. A. Patschovsky – G.L. Potestà, Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Antiquitates 40, Roma 2014, 221-242.
Potestà G.L., Il tempo dell’Apocalisse. Vita di Gioacchino da Fiore, Bari 2004.
Reeves M., The Influence of Prophecy in the Later Middle Ages. A Study in Joachimism, Notre Dame – London 1993.
Saranyana J.I., Joaquin de Fiore y Tomas de Aquino. Historia doctrinal de una polemica. Con la colaboracion de: Ignacio Brosa y Francesco Calogero, Pamplona 1979.
Szymik S., Maria Magdalena, EK XI 1319-1320.
Western Mediterranean Prophecy. The School of Joachim of Fiore and the Fourteenth-Century Breviloquium, ed. H. Lee – M. Reeves – G. Silano, Toronto 1989.
Zbiciak J., Joachim z Fiore, EK VIII 28-29.
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
License
Papers published in Vox Patrum are covered by the Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) licence. Authors and users can use published works licensed under the CC-BY-ND since 2018. For earlier publications, copyrights are available under fair use rights in accordance with the Act of February 4, 1994 on copyrights and related rights.
