The idea of voluntary poverty in st. Augustine’s monastic writings
Dariusz Kasprzak
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie , PolandAbstract
The first coherent doctrine of voluntary poverty appeared in Western Church theology in the writings of St. Augustine. This idea developed gradually under the influence of the coenobitic ideal and vision of a community Church. First having excluded the Manichean vision of community (AD 386-396) St. Augustine adopted the coenobitic conception of poverty (relinquishing individual possession in favour of communal ownership and working for the benefit of the community). In his mature period (AD 397-426) St. Augustine referred directly to the perfect vision of the Christian monastic community described in Acts 4:32-36 as the source of voluntary poverty. In this way the monks copied the perfection of the Early Church community. One might say his approach to ascetic poverty was according to the principle of qualitative parity i.e. every monk receives the minimum of material necessities. St. Augustine’s sermons 355 from December AD 425/January AD 426 and 356 from January AD 426 show clearly how he and his brothers practiced individual and community poverty.
Keywords:
voluntary poverty, St. Augustine, monastic writings, interpretations of Acts 4, 32-36References
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Anonymus, De divitiis
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Augustinus, Praeceptum
Augustinus, Sermo
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Vogüé A. de, Introduction, w: SCh 181, Paris 1972
Vogüé A. de, La Règle de Césaire d’Arles pour les moines: un résumé de sa Règle pour les moniales, „Révue d’histoire de la spiritualité” 47 (1971) 369-406
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Vogüé A. De, Saint Augustin et s. Benoît, w: Études sur la Règle de S. Benoît, Nouveau Recueil, Spiritualité monastique 34, Bégrolles-en-Mauges 1996
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Zumkeller A., Das Mönchtum des heiligen Augustinus, Würzburg 1968
Anonymus, De divitiis
Athanasius Alexandrinus, Vita S. Antonii, PG 26, tłum. E. Dąbrowska: Żywot św. Antoniego, w: Święty Antoni, Żywot. Pisma ascetyczne, ŹM 35, Kraków 2005
Augustinus, De doctrina christiana
Augustinus, De moribus Ecclesiae catholicae et de moribus manichaeorum, ed. A. Pieretti, NBA 13/1, Roma 1997, 102, tłum. P. Nehring, w: Św. Augustyn, Pisma monastyczne, ŹM 27, Kraków 2007
Augustinus, De Regula, ed. L. Verheijen, NBA 7/2, Roma 2001, 30-49; tłum. P. Nehring, Reguła św. Augustyna, w: ŹM 27
Augustinus, Enarrationes in Ps., ed. T. Mariucci – V. Tarulli, NBA 27/1, Roma 1993
Augustinus, Epistula
Augustinus, Epistolae ad Galatas expositionis
Augustinus, In Joannem Evangelium tractatus
Augustinus, Praeceptum
Augustinus, Sermo
Augustinus Hipponensis, Confessiones, ed. Pellegrino – C. Carena, NBA 1, Roma 1993, tłum. Z. Kubiak: Św. Augustyn, Wyznania, Kraków 1997
Bavel T.J. van, Parallèles, vocabulaire et citations bibliques de la Regula sancti Augustini, „Augustiniana” 9 (1959) 12-77
Bonner G., Augustine and modern Research on Pelagianism, St. Augustine Lecture 1971, Villanova 1972
Brockwell C.W., Augustine’s Ideal of Monastic Community. A Pa¬radigm for his Doctrine of the Church, AugSt 8 (1977) 97-109
Covolo E. Dal, Eusebio di Vercelli, Ambrogio di Milano, Massimo di Torino. Il vescovo e la sua città fra IV e il V secolo, „Archivio teologico torinese” 4/2 (1998) 69-84
Dattrino L., San Eusebio di Vercelli. Vescovo „martire”? Vescovo „monaco”?, „Augusti-nianum” 24 (1984) 167-187
Fortin J.R., Saint Augustine’s Letter 211 in The Rule of the Master and The Rule of Saint Benedict, JECS 14 (2006) 225-234
Geerlings W., Das Freundschaftsi¬deal Augustinus, ThQ 16 (1981) 265-274
Gribomont J., Voto. I. In Oriente, DIP X, Roma 2003
Hieronymus, Epistula, PL 22
Kasprzak D., Il pensiero sociale di Paolino da Nola, Kraków 2002
Kessler A., Re¬ichtumskritik und Pelagianismus. Die pelagianische Diatribe „De divitiis”, Paradosis 43, Freiburg (Schweiz) 1999
Lambot C., L’influence de saint Augustin sur la Règle de saint Benoît, „Revue liturgique et monastique” 14 (1929) 320-330
Lambot C., La règle de saint Augustin et saint Césaire, RBen 41 (1929) 333-341
Lanzi N., La Chiesa nel ritorno di Agostino alla fede cattolica, „Doctor Communis” 42 (1989) 42-62
Manning E., La législation monastique de Saint Augustin et la Regula Monachorum, „Augustiniana” 16 (1966)
Mc Evoy J., «Anima una et cor unum»: Friendship and Spiritual Unity in Augustine, „Recherches de Théologie ancienne et médievale” 53 (1986) 40-92
Minucjusz Feliks, Octavius, PL 3, tłum. J. Sajdak: Minucjusz Feliks, Oktawiusz, POK 2, Poznań 1925
Newhauser R., The Early History of Greed: The Sin of Avarice in Early Medieval Tho¬ught and Literature, New York 2000
Nowak P.J., Św. Marcin z Tours – aktualny model miłości, VoxP 26 (2006) t. 49, 483-493
Paulinus Nolanus, Carmina
Proust A. Le, Traité de la Règle de saint Augustin, Paris 1962
Regola e Costituzioni dei Frati dell’Ordine della SS.ma Trinità, Roma 1986
Regula sancti Johannes de Matha ab Innocentio papa III apro¬bata
Rocca G., Voto. II. In Occidente: visione storico-giuridica generale del voto solenne e del voto semplice, DIP X 553-564
Sanchez Corazo A., El trabajo en el pensamiento de san Agustín, „Augustinus” 30 (1985) 257-294
Sanchis D., Pauvreté monastique et charitè fraternelle chez saint Augustin. Le commen¬taire augustinien de Actes 4,32-35 entre 393 et 403, SMon 4 (1962) 7-33
Sedano Sierra M.J., Voti religiosi, I: Storia, w: Dizionario teologico della vita consacrata, ed. A.A. Rodríguez – J.M. Casas (ed. italiana), Milano 1994
Seneka Młodszy, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium, ed. ed. R.M. Gummere, w: Seneca, Epistulae morales, I, The Loeb Classical Library, Seneca IV, London 1917, tłum. W. Kornatowski, w: Seneka, Listy moralne do Lucyliusza, oprac. K. Leśniak, Warszawa 1961
Solignac A., Pauvreté chrétienne, II. Pères de l’Eglise et moines des origines, 2. En Occident, DSp XII 643
Sulpicius Severus, Dialogus
Sulpicius Severus, Epistula
Sulpicius Severus, Vita Sancti Martini
Śrutwa J., Praca w starożytnym chrześcijaństwie afry¬kańskim, Lublin 1984
Toscano S., Tolle divitem. Etica, società e potere del «De divitiis», Testi e studi di storia antica 19, Catania 2006
Verheijen L., Acts 4:31-35 in the Monastic Texts of Saint Augustine, w: Second Annual Course on Augustinian Spirituality, ed. R. Russel, Rome 1976
Verheijen L., Acts 4:32a in Augu¬stinian Theology, w: Second Annual Course
Verheijen L., Regula Augustini, DIP VIII, Roma 1983
Verheijen L., Saint Augustine’s Monasticism in the Light of Acts 4,32-5, Villanova 1979
Vogüé A. de, Introduction, w: SCh 181, Paris 1972
Vogüé A. de, La Règle de Césaire d’Arles pour les moines: un résumé de sa Règle pour les moniales, „Révue d’histoire de la spiritualité” 47 (1971) 369-406
Vogüé A. De, Povertà, III. In Occidente: monachesimo e vita canonicale dalle origini al sec. XI, w: Dizionario degli Istituti di Perfezione, ed. G. Rocca, VII, Roma 1983
Vogüé A. De, Saint Augustin et s. Benoît, w: Études sur la Règle de S. Benoît, Nouveau Recueil, Spiritualité monastique 34, Bégrolles-en-Mauges 1996
Vogüé A. De, Sant’Agostino e San Benedetto, „Ora et labora” 50 (1995) 97-107
Washburn A.D., Tormenting the tormentors. A reinterpretation of Eusebius of Vercelli’s letter from Scythopolis, ChH 78 (2009) 731-755
Zumkeller A., Das Mönchtum des heiligen Augustinus, Würzburg 1968
Kasprzak, D. (2013). Koncepcja dobrowolnego ubóstwa w pismach monastycznych św. Augustyna. Vox Patrum, 60, 165–182. https://doi.org/10.31743/vp.3985
Dariusz Kasprzak
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
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