Postulatio spiritalis ecclesie. Interpretation of the Dialogue between the Mother of Jesus and the Son during the Wedding at Cana in Galilee in Tractatus super quatuor evangelia by Joachim of Fiore
Jan Grzeszczak
Faculty of Theology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań , PolandAbstract
The article addresses the interpretation of the dialogue between the mother of Jesus and the Son (John 2:3-4) in "Tractatus super quatuor evangelia" by Joachim of Fiore (1135-1202). The analysis starts from an overview of the source, its main lines of argumentation, the popularity of this work in the Middle Ages and the controversies it aroused. The paper employs an analytical and comparative method. The analysis of the patristic sources, the literature on the subject and the comparison of the content of the main source, namely the "Tractatus super quatuor evangelia", with the content of selected works of Joachim of Fiore, lead to the conclusion that as far as Joachim’s exegesis of Jn 2:3-4 is concerned, we can speak of the genuine innovativeness of this medieval author, rooted in his original vision of history. The article refers to the exegesis of this fragment of the Gospel according to St John, as seen in Gaudentius of Brescia and St Augustine. In Joachim’s interpretation, the mother of Jesus appears above all as the herald of the forthcoming spiritual Church (ecclesia spiritalis), and her request to the Son sets in motion the historical process of the spiritualisation of the Church and the world, which, according to Joachim, is to precede the Second Coming. Joachim’s view of Jn 2:3-4 is an interesting example of the creative reception of the exegesis of the Church Fathers and the interpretative approaches they developed which were adopted in the Middle Ages.
Keywords:
Joachim of Fiore, Mother of God, Mary, Middle Ages, Mariology, Cana in GalileeReferences
Augustinus Hipponensis, De civitate Dei contra paganos libri viginti duo, PL 41, 14‐804, tł. W. Kubicki, Św. Augustyn, Państwo Boże, Kęty 1998.
Augustinus Hipponensis, De consensu evangelistarum libri quattuor, ed. F. Weihrich, CSEL 43, Wien – Leipzig 1904.
Augustinus Hipponensis, In Joannis Evangelium tractatus CXXIV, PL 35, 1379-1976, tł. W. Szołdrski – W. Kania, Św. Augustyn, Homilie na Ewangelie i Pierwszy List Św. Jana, część pierwsza, opr. E. Stanula, PSP 15, Warszawa 1977.
Bonaventura, Collationes in Hexaemeron et Bonaventuriana quaedam selecta, ed. F. Delorme, Bibliotheca Franciscana Scholastica Medii Aevi 7, Quaracchi 1934, tł. A. Horowski, Bonawentura z Bagnoregio, Konferencje o sześciu dniach stworzenia albo oświecenia Kościoła. Wydanie synoptyczne tekstu oryginalnego redakcji A oraz B z przekładem polskim, opr. A. Horowski, Kraków 2008.
Expositio magni prophete Abbatis Ioachim in Apocalypsim [...] Venetiis. In Edibus Francisci Bindoni ac Maphei Pasini socii. Anno Dni 1527 die vero septimo februarii, Frankfurt a.M. 1964 (reprint).
Gaudentius Brixiensis, Sermo VIII de Evangelii lectione primus, PL 20, 885-898.
Hieronymus Stridonensis, Liber interpretationis hebraicorum nominum ed. P. de Lagarde, CCSL 72, Turnhout 1959.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, Concordia Novi ac Veteris Testamenti, t. 1-4, ed. A. Patschovsky, MGH, Quellen zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters 28, Wiesbaden 2017.
Protocoll der Commission zu Anagni, w: H. Denifle, Das Evangelium aeternum und die Commission zu Anagni, „Archiv für Literatur- und Kirchengeschichte des Mittelalters” 1 (1885) 99-142.
Salimbene de Adam, Cronica, ed. G. Scalia, Bari 1966.
Thomas Aquinas, Scriptum super Sententiis, w: https://www.corpusthomisticum.org/iopera.html (dostęp: 2.09.2021).
Vita beati Joachimi abbatis, ed. S. Oliverio, „Florensia. Bollettino del Centro Internazionale di Studi Gioachimiti” 16-17 (2002-2003) s. 220-230.
Ioachim Abbas Florensis, Exhortatorium Iudeorum, ed. A. Patschovsky, Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Antiquitates 26, Roma 2006.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, Psalterium decem cordarum, ed. K.-V. Selge, MGH, Quellen zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters 20, Hannover 2009.
Ioachim Abbas Florensis, Tractatus in expositionem vite et regule beati Benedicti cum appendice fragmenti (I) de duobus prophetis in novissimis diebus praedicaturis, ed. A. Patschovsky, Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Antiquitates 29, Roma 2008.
Ioachim abbas Florensis, Tractatus super quatuor evangelia, ed. F. Santi, Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Antiquitates 17, Roma 2002.
A Companion to Joachim of Fiore, ed. M. Riedl, Brill’s Companions to the Christian Tradition 75, Leiden – Boston 2018.
Crocco A., Il superamento del dualismo agostiniano nella concezione della storia di Gioacchino da Fiore, w: L’età dello Spirito e la fine dei tempi in Gioacchino da Fiore e nel gioachimismo medievale. Atti del II congresso internazionale di studi gioachimiti, San Giovanni in Fiore – Luzzi – Celico, 6-9 settembre 1984, ed. A. Crocco, San Giovanni in Fiore 1986, s. 141-164.
Danielski W. – Kuźmak K., Bartłomiej Apostoł, EK II 75-76.
Degórski B., Le nozze di Cana nell’esegesi di san Gaudenzio di Brescia, „Vox Patrum” 44-45 (2003) s. 285-299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31743/vp.8079
Denifle H., Das Evangelium aeternum und die Commission zu Anagni, „Archiv für Literatur- und Kirchengeschichte des Mittelalters” 1 (1885) s. 49-142.
Ewangelia według św. Jana. Wstęp – przekład z oryginału – komentarz, opr. L. Stachowiak, Poznań – Warszawa 1975.
Grundmann H., Gioacchino da Fiore. Vita e opere, tł. S. Sorrentino, Roma 1997.
Grzeszczak J., Chwila jest bliska. Wizje końca w literaturze profetycznej (XII-XX wiek), Poznań 2011.
Grzeszczak J., Fundamentum doctrine Joachim. U początków badań nad wizją dziejów opata z Fiore, „Przegląd Tomistyczny” 26 (2020) s. 151-178.
Grzeszczak J., Moralna wymowa gestu namaszczenia stóp i głowy Jezusa w Quaestio de Maria Magdalena et Maria sorore Lazari et Marthae Joachima z Fiore, „Vox Patrum” 69 (2018) s. 175-193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31743/vp.3258
Grzeszczak J., Mysterium Loth. Joachim z Fiore wobec XII-wiecznej teologii spekulatywnej, „Filozofia chrześcijańska” 16 (2019) s. 47-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/fc.2019.16.3
Löwith K., Historia powszechna i dzieje zbawienia. Teologiczne przesłanki filozofii dziejów, tł. J. Marzęcki, Kęty 2002.
Lubac H. de, Esegesi medievale, t. 2/4, tł. B. Stàcul, Milano 1997.
Lubac H. de, La postérité spirituelle de Joachim de Flore. De Joachim à nos jours, Paris 2014.
Mottu H., La manifestation de l’Esprit selon Joachim de Fiore. Herméneutique et théologie de l’histoire d’après le „Traité sur les Quatre Evangiles”, Neuchâtel –Paris 1977.
Potestà G.L., Il tempo dell’Apocalisse. Vita di Gioacchino da Fiore, Laterza, Roma – Bari 2004.
Potestà G.L., Introduzione, w: Gioacchino da Fiore, Trattati sui quattro Vangeli, ed. G.L. Potestà, Opere di Gioacchino da Fiore: testi e strumenti 11, Roma 1999, s. XVII-XXXI.
Ratzinger J., Świętego Bonawentury teologia historii, tł. E.I. Zieliński, Lublin 2010.
Santi F., Introduzione, w: Ioachim abbas Florensis, Tractatus super quatuor evangelia, ed. F. Santi, Fonti per la storia dell’Italia medievale, Antiquitates 17, Roma 2002, s. XI-LXXXII.
Smitmans A., Das Weinwunder von Kana. Die Auslegung von Joh 2, 1-11 bei den Vätern und heute, Beiträge zur Geschichte der biblischen Exegese 6, Tübingen 1966.
Staglianò A., L’Abate Calabrese. Fede cattolica nella Trinità e pensiero teologico della storia in Gioacchino da Fiore, Pontificia Academia Theologica. Itineraria 9, Citta del Vaticano 2013.
Śrutwa J., Celestyn III, Giacinto Bobo-Orsini, EK II 1391-1392.
Vones L., Célestin III, w: Dictionnaire historique de la papauté, red. P. Levillain, Paris 2003, s. 315-317.
Faculty of Theology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2893-6153
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Papers published in Vox Patrum are covered by the Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) licence. Authors and users can use published works licensed under the CC-BY-ND since 2018. For earlier publications, copyrights are available under fair use rights in accordance with the Act of February 4, 1994 on copyrights and related rights.
