„They came together to form one person and one hypostasis”: A Critique of the Polish Translation of a Fragment of the Chalcedonian Confession in "Dokumenty Soborów Powszechnych" and a Proposal for an Alternative Version
Giacomo Calore
Pontifical University of John Paul II in Kraków , Polandhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9590-4234
Abstract
In this article, the author addresses the problem of the translation of a passage from the Chalcedonian Creed as found in the Dokumenty Soborów Powszechnych. The author's thesis is that it does not correspond to the theological thought of the Council Fathers behind this part of the definition. The aim of the article is to justify this thesis and to propose an alternative translation. The method used is complex. Firstly, the author reconstructs the genesis of the passage through a study of the historical and philosophical-theological context of its origin and a literary analysis. Then, based on the results of this research, the author carries out an analysis of the Fathers’ Christology contained in the passages, which allows the initial translation to be called into question. The article is therefore divided as follows: a grammatical analysis of the passage; the wide and the narrow context of the origin of the text of the creed; a literary analysis; a theological analysis and the presentation of the new translation. In addition to the text of the Confession, the main sources studied are Cyril of Alexandria’s Epistula Altera ad Nestorium and Pope Leo’s Tomus ad Flavianum. The conclusions of the research highlight well the difference between the heretics and the Church Fathers in the use of ancient philosophy to express the faith. They furthermore reveal a metaphysical novum of the concepts of person and nature arising from the content of the Creed and the patristic reflection of the time, an issue which is still relevant today and which the translation discussed above unfortunately somewhat overshadows.Keywords:
hypostasis, person, nature, Chalcedon, faith, tradition, philosophy, translationReferences
A Nestorian Collection of Christological Texts. Introduction, Translation and Indexes, t. 2, opr. i tł. L. Abramowski – A.E. Goodman, Oriental Publications 19, Cambridge 1972.
Apollinaris Laodicenus, Ad Iovianum, tł. M. Simonetti, Il Cristo. Testi teologici e spirituali in lingua greca dal IV al VII secolo, t. 2, opr. M. Simonetti, Milano 2003, s. 320-322.
Apollinaris Laodicenus, De unitate, tł. M. Simonetti, Il Cristo. Testi teologici e spirituali in lingua greca dal IV al VII secolo, t. 2, opr. M. Simonetti, Milano 2003, s. 318.
Conciliorum Oecumenicorum Decreta, opr. i tł. G. Alberigo – G.L. Dossetti et al., Bologna 2013.
Concilium universale chalcedonense. Actio II, ACO II 1, 2, s. 1-42.
Concilium universale chalcedonense. Definitio fidei, ACO II 1, 2, s. 126-130, tł. T. Wnętrzak, Dokumenty Soborów Powszechnych. Tekst grecki, łaciński, polski, t. 1, opr. A. Baron – H. Pietras, ŹMT 24, Kraków 2007, s. 214-225.
Concilium universale chalcedonense. Gesta actionis primae, ACO II 1, 1, s. 53-196.
Concilium universale chalcedonense. Gesta de Symbolis, ACO II 1, 2, s. 79-81.
Concilium universale chalcedonense. Tractatio de definitione fidei, ACO II 1, 2, s. 123-126.
Cyrillus Alexandrinus, Adversus Nestorii blasphemias, PG 76, 9-248.
Cyrillus Alexandrinus, Apologeticus contra Theodoretum pro XII capitibus, PG 76, 386-452.
Cyrillus Alexandrinus, Epistulae ad Nestorium, ACO I 1, 1, s. 25-42; I 1, 4, s. 17-20, tł. A. Baron et al., Dokumenty Soborów Powszechnych. Tekst grecki, łaciński, polski, t. 1, opr. A. Baron – H. Pietras, ŹMT 24, Kraków 2007, s. 108-189.
Cyrillus Alexandrinus, Epistulae, PG 77, 9-390.
Cyrillus Alexandrinus, Scholia de incarnatione unigeniti, PG 75, 1363-1412.
Formula unionis, ACO I 1, 4, s. 8-9, tł. A. Baron et al., Dokumenty Soborów Powszechnych. Tekst grecki, łaciński, polski, t. 1, opr. A. Baron – H. Pietras, ŹMT 24, Kraków 2007, s. 176-179.
Leo Magnus, Epistula Papae Leonis ad Flavianum ep. Constantinopolitanum de Eutyche, ACO II 2, 1, s. 24-33, tł. T. Wnętrzak, Dokumenty Soborów Powszechnych. Tekst grecki, łaciński, polski, t. 1, opr. A. Baron – H. Pietras, ŹMT 24, Kraków 2007, s. 196-213, tł. Concilium universale chalcedonense. Epistularum collectio M, ACO II 1, 1, s. 10-20.
Leo Magnus, Epistulae, PL 54, 593-1218
Nestorius, Liber Heraclidis, tł. F. Nau, Nestorius, Le Livre d’Héraclide de Damas, Paris 1910, s. 5-332.
Nestorius, Nestoriana. Die fragmente des Nestorius, red. i opr. F. Loofs, Halle 1905.
Nestorius, Nestorii epistula altera ad Cyrillum, ACO I 1, 1, s. 29-32, tł. A. Baron et al., Dokumenty Soborów Powszechnych. Tekst grecki, łaciński, polski, t. 1, opr. A. Baron – H. Pietras, ŹMT 24, Kraków 2007, s. 118-133.
Abramowski L., Untersuchungen zum Liber Heraclidis des Nestorius, Louvain 1963.
Cantalamessa R., Dal Cristo del Nuovo Testamento al Cristo della Chiesa: tentativo di interpretazione della cristologia patristica, w: Il problema cristologico oggi, red. G. Segalla et al., Assisi 1973, s. 143-197.
Congar Y., Tradycja i tradycje. Esej historyczny, t. 1, tł. A. Ziernicki, Warszawa 2018.
De Halleux A., La définition christologique à Chalcédoine (Première partie), „Revue Théologique de Louvain” 7/1 (1976) s. 3-23. (Crossref)
De Halleux A., La définition christologique à Chalcédoine (suite), „Revue Théologique de Louvain” 7/2 (1976) s. 155-170. (Crossref)
De Urbina I.O., Das Symbol von Chalkedon. Sein Text, sein Werden, seine dogmatische Bedeutung, w: Das Konzil von Chalkedon. Geschichte und Gegenwart, t. 1, red. A. Grillmeier – H. Bacht ,Würzburg 1973, s. 389-418.
Degórski B., Sformułowanie wiary w Trójjedynego Boga w latach 360-380. Formuła dogmatyczna μία οὐσία – τρεῖς ὑποστάσεις, „Vox Patrum” 21 (2001) s. 227-235. (Crossref)
Galot J., Chi sei tu, o Cristo?, Firenze 1980.
Grillmeier A., Ermeneutica moderna e cristologia antica. La discussione attuale sulla cristologia calcedonese, tł. M. Angilletta et al., Brescia 1985.
Grillmeier A., Jesus der Christus im Glauben der Kirche. Von der Apostolischen Zeit bis zum Konzil von Chalcedon, t. 1, Freiburg – Basel – Wien 1979.
Królikowski J., Il protodogma cristiano: la dottrina di Calcedonia come fonte del nexus mysteriorum, w: Il Concilio di Calcedonia 1550 anni dopo, red. A. Ducay, Città del Vaticano 2003, s. 138-160.
McGuckin J.A., St. Cyril of Alexandria. The Christological Controversy: Its History, Theology, and Texts, New York 1994. (Crossref)
Milano A., Persona in teologia. Alle origini del significato di persona nel cristianesimo antico, Bologna 2017.
Richard M., L’introduction du mot „hypostase” dans la théologie de l’incarnation, „Mélanges de Science Religieuse” 2 (1945) s. 5-32, 243-270.
Scheffczyk L., Chalcedon dzisiaj, „Communio” 15 (1983) s. 65-78.
Schönborn C., Bóg zesłał Syna swego. Chrystologia, opr. i tł. L. Balter, Poznań 2002.
Scipioni L.I., Nestorio e il concilio di Efeso. Storia, dogma, critica, Milano 1974.
Scipioni L.I., Ricerche sulla cristologia del „Libro di Eraclide” di Nestorio. La formulazione teologica e il suo contesto filosofico, Friburgo 1956.
Sesboüé B. – Wolinski J., Historia dogmatów. Bóg zbawienia, t. 1, red. B. Sesboüé, tł. P. Rak, Kraków 1999.
Von Balthasar H.U., Massimo il Confessore. Liturgia cosmica, tł. L. Tosi, Milano 2001.
Weinandy T.G., Czy Bóg cierpi?, tł. J. Majewski, Poznań 2003.
Widok N., Stanowisko Grzegorza z Nazjanzu wobec formuły trynitarnej: μία οὐσία – τρεῖς ὑποστάσεις, „Vox Patrum” 23 (2003) s. 221-233. (Crossref)
Wojtasik W., Nauka św. Leona I papieża o Słowie Wcielonym, Warszawa 1936.
Pontifical University of John Paul II in Kraków https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9590-4234
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Papers published in Vox Patrum are covered by the Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) licence. Authors and users can use published works licensed under the CC-BY-ND since 2018. For earlier publications, copyrights are available under fair use rights in accordance with the Act of February 4, 1994 on copyrights and related rights.
