„Kupuj nie to co potrzebne, ale to co konieczne?” Żołd żołnierzy bizantyńskich oraz jego siła nabywcza w okresie IX-X w.

Chronicon Paschale, ed. L. Dindorf, Bonn 1832.

Codex Theodosianus, in: Theodosiani Libri XVI cum Constitutionibus Sirmondianis et Leges Novellae ad Theodosianum Pertinentes, ed. T. Mommsen – P.M. Meyer, Berlin 1905, p. 27-907.

Constantinus Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio, ed. G. Moravcsik, CFHB 1, Washington 1967.

Constantinus Porphyrogenitus, De cerimoniis aulae byzantinae, v. 1-2, ed. A. Moffatt – M. Tall, Canaberra 2012.

Constantinus Porphyrogenitus, De Thematibus, ed. J. Haldon, Liverpool 2021.

Constantinus Porphyrogenitus, Three Treaties on Imperial Military Expeditions, ed. J. Haldon, Wien 1990.

De velitatione bellica, in: Three Byzantine Military Treaties, ed. G. Dennis, Washington 1985.

Diocletian, Edictum de pretiis rerum venalium, in: Der Maximaltarif des Diocletian, ed. H. Blumner, Berlin 1958, p. 1-50.

Evagrius Scholasticus, Historia Ecclesiastica, ed. J. Bidez – L. Parmentier, London 1898.

Ibn Khordadbeh, Kitab al-Masalik wa’l-Mamalik, ed. M.J. de Goeje, Lugdunum 1889.

Ioannes Malalas, Chrongraphia, ed. I. Thurn, Berlin – New York 2000.

Ioannes Zonaras, Epitomae Historiarum, v. 3, ed. M. Pinder – T. Biittner-Wobst, Bonn 1897.

Iustinianus I, Codex Iustinianus, in: The Codex of Justinian. A New Annotated Translation with Parallel Latin and Greek Text based on a Translation by Justice F.H. Blume, ed. B. Frier, Cambridge 2016.

Iustinianus I, Digesta, in: Corpus Iuris Civilis, v. 1, ed. T. Mommsen, Berlin 1889, p. 1-873.

Kekaumenus, Oratio admonitionis pro imperatore, in: Soveti i rasskazi Kekavmena: Socinenie vizantijskogo polkovodtsa XI veka, ed. G.G. Litavrin, Moscow 1972, p. 1-749.

Leo III, Ecloga, in: Das Gesetzbuch Leons III und Konstantinos V, ed. L. Burgmann, Frankfurt 1983.

Leo VI, Tactica, ed. G. Dennis, CFHB 49, Washington 2010.

Nicephor Archiepiscopus Constantinopolitani, Antirrhetici tres adversus Constantinum Copronymum, PG 100, 205-533.

Nicephor Archiepiscopus Constantinopolitani, Epistula 50, in: Épistoliers byzantins du Xe siècle, ed. J. Darrousès, Paris 1960, p. 131.

Nicephor II Phokas, De velitatione bellica, in: Le traité sur la guérilla (De velitatione) de l’empereur Nicéphore Phocas (963-969), ed. G. Dagron – H. Mihăescu, Paris 1986, p. 26-136

Nikephoros II Phokas, Praecepta Militaria, in: Sowing the Dragon’s Teeth. Byzantine Warfare in the Tenth Century, ed. E. McGeer, Dumbarton Oaks Studies 33, Washington 1995, p. 12-60.

Nomos Stratiotikos, in: The Laws of the Isaurian Era. The Ecloga and its Appendices, ed. M. Humphreys, Liverpool 2017, p. 80-88.

De Strategiis, in: Three Byzantine Military Treaties, ed. G. Dennis, Washington 1985, p. 9-135.

Petrus Monachus, Vita p. Ioannicii, ed. J. van den Gheyn, Brussels 1894.

Procopius Caesarensis, Anecdota, in: Anecdota. With an English Translation by H.D. Dewing, v. 7, London 1960.

Procopius Caesarensis, Historia Bellorum, v. 2: Books 3-4 (Vandalic War), ed. H.B. Dewing, Cambridge 1916.

Severus Alexander, Leges, in: Scriptores Historiae Augustae, v. 2, ed. and tr. D. Magie, Cambridge – London 1993, p. 178-313.

Svoronos N., Les novelles des empereurs macédoniens concernant la terre et les stratiotes, ed. P. GounarIidis, Athens 1994.

Sylloge Tacticorum, in: Sylloge Tacticorum, quae olim “Inedita Leonis Tactica dicebatur”, ed. A. Dain, Paris 1938, p. 156.

Symeon Magister, Chronographia, in: Theophanes continuatus, Ioannes Cameniata, Symeon Magister, Georgius Monachus, ed. I. Bekker, Bonnae 1838, p. 601-760.

Symeon Magister, Tabulae, in: Epistoliers byzantins du Xe siècle, ed. J. Darrouze, Paris 1960, p. 99-163.

Theodosius II, Constitutiones, in: Theodosiani libri XVI cum constitutionibus Sirmondianis et leges Novellae ad Theodosianum pertinentes, ed. T. Mommsen – P. Meyer, Berolini 1905.

Theophanes Continuatus, Chronographia, ed. M. Featherstone – J. Signescodoñer, CFHB 53, Boston – Berlin 2015.

Theophanes, Chronographia, v. 1, ed. C. de Boor, Leipzig 1883.

Theophylactus Simocatta, Historiae, ed. C. de Boor – P. Wirth, Stuttgart 1972.

Titus Livius, Annales – Ab Urbe Condita, v. 6-7, ed. F.G. Moore, Cambridge – London 1940.

Vita Sancti Eustratioti, in: Βίος καὶ θαύματα τοῦ ὁσίου πατρὸς ἡμῶν Εὐστρατίου, ἡγουμένου τῆς μονῆς τῶν Ἀγαύρου, Ἀνάλεκτα Ἱεροσολυμιτικῆς σταχυολογίας, ed. A. Papadopoulos-Kerameus, St. Petersburg 1897 – Bruxelles 1963.

Vita Sancti Lucae Stylitae, in: Vie de saint Luc le stylite (BHG 2239) in: Les saints stylites, ed. H. Delehaye, Subsidia Hagiographica 14, Bruxelles – Paris 1923, p. 195-237.

Vita Sancti Philareti Misericordis, in: The Life of St Philaretos the Merciful written by his grandson Niketas. A Critical Edition with Introduction, Notes, and Commentary, ed. L. Ryden, Uppsala 2002.

Blöndal S. – Benedikz B.S., The Varangians of Byzantium. An aspect of Byzantine military history, transl., revis., rewritten by B.S. Benedikz, Cambridge – London – New York – Melbourne 1978.

Bowman A.K., Roman Military Records from Vindolanda, “Brittania” 5 (1974) p. 360-373.

Brubaker I. – Haldon J., Byzantium in the Iconoclast Era c. 680-850: a History, Cambridge 2011.

Caner D., The Rich and the Pure: Philanthropy and the Making of Christian Society in Early Byzantium, California 2021.

Carrié J.M., Eserciti e strategie, in: Storia dei Greci e dei Romani, v. 18, Milano 2008, p. 83-154.

Casey P.J., Justinian, The limitanei, and Arab-Byzantine Relations in the 6th c., “Journal of Roman Archaeology” 9 (1996), p. 214-222.

Cheynet J.C., Le Monde Byzantin II: L’Empire byzantin (641-1204), Paris 2006.

Dagron G. – Mihăescu H., Le Traité sur la guérilla (De velitatione) de l’empereur Nicéphore Phocas (963-969), Paris 1986.

Dalby A., Tastes of Byzantium. The Cusine of a Legendary Empire, London 2010.

Entwistle C., Late Roman and Byzantine Weights and Weighning Equipment, in: The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies, ed. E. Jeffreys – J. Haldon – R. Cormack, Oxford 2008, p. 38-46.

Entwistle C., Byzantine Weights, in: The Economic History of Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century, Washington 2002, p. 598-601.

Gandila A., Free Market, Black Market or No Market? Money and Annona in the Northeastern Balkans (Sixth to Seventh Century), “Journal of Late Antiquity” 14/2 (2021) p. 294-334.

Gandila A., Heavy Money, Weightier Problems: The Justinianic Reform of 538, and Its Economic Consequences, “Revue numismatique” 169 (2012) p. 363-402.

Gandila A., Money Talks: Financial Crisis and the Fate of the Roman Balkans, c. 582-602, in: Studia Romana et Mediaevalia Europaensia: Miscellanea in Honorem Annos LXXXV Peragentis Professoris Emeriti Dan Gh. Teodor Oblata, ed. D. Aparaschivei – G. Bilavschi, Bucuresti 2019, p. 107-139.

Górecki D., The Strateia of Constantine VII: The Legal Status, Administration and Historical Background, “Byzantynische Zeitschrift” 82 (1989) p. 157-176.

Greatrex G. – Lieu S.N.C., The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (Part II, 363-630 AD), New York – London 2002.

Haarer F.K., Anastasius I. Politics and Empire in the Late Roman World, Cambridge 2006.

Haldon J., A Critical Commentary on the Taktika of Leo VI, Washington 2014.

Haldon J., Byzantium in the Seventh Century: the Transformation of a Culture, Cambridge 1997.

Haldon J., Feeding the Army: Food and Transport in Byzantium, ca. 600-1100, in: Feast, Fast or Famine. Food and Drink in Byzantium, ed. W. Mayer – P. Trzcionka, Brisbane 2005, p. 85-100.

Haldon J., Recruitment and Conscription in the Byzantine Army c. 550-950, Vienna 1979.

Haldon J., The Empire That Would Not Die: The Paradox of Eastern Roman Survival, 640-740, Harvard 2016.

Haldon J., The Organisation and Support of an Expeditionary Force: Manpower and Logistics in the Middle Byzantine Period, in: Byzantium at War (9th-12th c.), ed. K. Tsiknakis, Athens 1997, p. 111-151.

Haldon J., Theory and Practice in Tenth-century Military Administration: Chapters II, 44 and 45 of the Book of Ceremonies, “Travaux et Mémoires du Centre de Recherches d’Histoire et Civilisation Byzantines” 13 (2000) p. 201-352.

Haldon J., Warfare, State and Society in the Byzantine World, 565-1204, London 1999.

Haldon J., Military service, Military Lands and the Status of Soldiers: Current Problems and Interpretations, “Dumbarton Oak Papers” 47 (1993) p. 1-67.

Heath I. – McBride A., Byzantine Armies 886-1118, Oxford 1979.

Hendy M.F., Studies in the Byzantine Monetary Economy c.300-1450, Cambridge 1985.

Jones A.H.M., The Later Roman Empire 284-602. A Social, Economic and Administrative Survey, v. 2, Oxford 1986.

Kaegi W.E., Byzantium and the early Islamic conquests, Cambridge 1995.

Kaegi W.E., Byzantine military unrest 471-843: an interpretation, Amsterdam 1981.

Kaegi W.E., Notes on Hagiographic Sources for Some Institutional Changes and Continuities in the Early Seventh Century, “Byzantina” 7 (1975) p. 58-70.

Kaegi W.E., The Annona Militaris in the Early Seventh Century, “Byzantina” 13/1 (1985) p. 589-596.

Kaldellis A. – Kruse M., The field armies of the East Roman Empire, 361-630, Cambridge – New York 2023.

Kaldellis A., Prokopios, The Secret History, with Related Texts, Indianapolis 2010.

Kaplan M., La place des soldats dans la société villageoise byzantine (VIIe-Xe siècles), in: Le combattant au Moyen Âge. [18e Congrès de la] Société des historiens médiévistes de l’enseignement supérieur public, ed. J.C. Hélas, Paris 1995, p. 45-55.

Kaplan M., Les hommes et la terre à Byzance du Vie au XIe siècle. Propriété et exploitation du sol, Byzantina Sorbonensia 10, Paris 1992.

Kaplan M., The Producing Population, in: A Social History of Byzantium, ed. J. Haldon, Oxford 2009, p. 143-167.

Kennedy H., Egypt as a Province in the Islamic Caliphate, 641-868, in: The Cambridge History of Egypt, ed. M.W. Daly – C.F. Petry, Cambridge 1998, p. 62-85.

Lee A.D., The Army, in: Cambridge Ancient History, vol. XIII: The Later Empire 337-425, ed. A. Cameron – P. Garnsey, Cambridge 1998, p. 211-237.

Leszka M.J. – Wierzbiński S., Strategoí: early Byzantine military commanders in the times of Zeno and Anastasius I (474-518), Łódź – Kraków 2024.

Luttwak E.N., The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire, Harvard 2009.

Makrypoulias C.G., Byzantine Expeditions against the Emirate of Crete c. 825-949, “Graeco-Arabica” 7-8 (2000) s. 347-362.

Mango C. – Scott R. – Greatrex G., The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor. Byzantine and Near Eastern History, AD 284-813, Oxford 1997.

McCormick M., Origins of the European economy. Communications and commerce, A.D. 300-900, Cambridge 2001.

McGeer E., The Land Legislation of the Macedonian Emperors (Mediaeval Sources in Translation 38), Toronto 2000.

Moralee J., It’s in the Water: Byzantine Borderlands and the Village War, “Humanities” 7 (2018) p. 1-14.

Morrison C. – Cheynet J.C., Prices and Wages in the Byzantine World, in: Economic History of Byzantium from the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century, v. 3, ed. A.E. Laiou, Washington 2002, p. 815-878.

Morrison C., Imperial generosity and its monetary expression: the rise and decline of the “largesses”, in: Donation et donateurs à Byzance, ed. J.M. Spieser – É. Yota, Paris 2012, p. 25-46.

Oikonomides N., Fiscalité et exemption fiscale à Byzance, Athens 1996.

Oikonomides N., Middle-Byzantine provincial recruits: salary and armament, in: Social and Economic Life in Byzantium, ed. E. Zachariadou, New York 2017, p. 121-136.

Oikonomides N., The Social Structure of The Byzantine Countryside in the First Half of the Xth Century, in: Social and Economic Life in Byzantium, ed. E. Zachariadou, New York 2017, p. 105-125.

Ostrogorsky G., History of Byzantine State, New Jersey 1997.

Ragia E., Mutual Interest Groups in a Provincial Context, in: Microstructures and Mobility in the Byzantine World, ed. C. Rapp – Y. Stouraitis, Vienna 2024, p. 39-89.

Ragia E., The “Politikon” and the “Stratiotikon” in Byzantium: Two Conflicting Social Images, in: Social Profiles and Social Position in Byzantium. Testimonies and Interpretations, ed. E. Ragia, Athens 2025, p. 17-59.

Ragia E., The Social Position of the Soldiers and the “Military Lands”: An Interpretation (6th-10th Centuries), “Revue des Études Byzantines” 80 (2022) p. 129-171.

Rizos E., Remarks on the logistics and infrastructure of the Annona Militaris in Eastern Mediterranean and Aegean areas, “Antiquité Tardive” 23 (2015) p. 287-302.

Roth J.P., The Logistics of the Roman Army at War (264 B.C.-A.C. 235), Leiden – Boston – Köln 1999.

Rzeźnicka Z., Military Diet in Selected Greek, Roman and Byzantine Sources, in: Standards of Everyday Life in the Middle Ages and in Modern Times, ed. K. Mutafova – N. Hristova – I. Ivanov – G. Georgieva, Veliko Tarnovo 2014, p. 649-661.

Sirks B., Food for Rome: The Legal Structure of the Transportation and Processing of Supplies for the Imperial Distributions in Rome and Constantinople, Amsterdam 1991.

Stein E., Histoire du Bas-Empire, v. 2, Paris 1974.

Sullivan D.F., Byzantine Defenders of Images. Eight Saints’ Lives in English Translation, ed. A.M. Talbot, Washington 1998.

The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, v. 1-3, ed. A.P. Kazhdan – A.M. Talbot – A. Cutler – T.E. Gregory – N.P. Sevcenko, Oxford 1991.

Treadgold W., A History of the Byzantine State and Society, Stanford 1997.

Treadgold W., Byzantium and Its Army, Stanford 1998.

Treadgold W., The army in the works of Constantine Porphyrogenitus, “Rivista di Studi Bizantini e Neoellenici” 29 (1992) p. 77-162.

Van Berchem D., L’Annone militaire dans l’Empire romain au IIIe Siècle, “Mémoires de la Société Nationale des Antiqtiaires de France” 10 (1937) p. 117-202.

Whitby M., The Ecclesiastical History by Evagrius Scholasticus, Liverpool 2000.

Wierzbiński S., Prospective Gain or Actual Cost? Arab Civilian and Military Captives in the Light of Byzantine Narrative Sources and Military Manuals from the 10th Century, “Studia Ceranea” 8 (2018) p. 253-283.

Wierzbiński S., U boku bazyleusa. Frankowie i Waregowie w cesarstwie bizantyńskim w XI w., Łódź 2019.

Wierzbiński S., The Burden, the Craving, the Tool The Provisioning of the 10th Century Byzantine Army in the Light of Leo’s Tactica and Sylloge Tacticorum, “Studia Ceranea” 10 (2020) p. 473-498.

Wolińska T., Konstantynopol i jego mieszkańcy widziani oczyma Liutpranda z Kremony, „Vox Patrum” 52 (2008) p. 1231-1242.

Wolińska T., Synowie Hagar. Wiedza Bizantyńczyków o armii arabskiej w świetle traktatów wojskowych z IX i X wieku, „Vox Patrum” 63 (2015) p. 1-20.

Zuckerman C., L’armée, in: Le monde byzantin, v. 1, ed. C. Morrisson, Paris 2012, p. 143-180.