Demon bluźnierstwa w ujęciu Jana Klimaka
Roland Marcin Pancerz
WSD OO. Bernardynów w Kalwarii Zebrzydowskiej , PolskaAbstrakt
Among temptations and impediments, which the monk must face on the path to perfection, John Climacus enumerates blasphemous thoughts. He also names them as assaults of the demon of blasphemy. Frequently man exposes himself to his action through the vice of pride, but it also happens, that this demon attacks ingenuous people that get worried too much. The purpose of the spirit of blasphemy is to insidiously cause feelings of guilt in the human heart; to take a man away from a prayer and the Eucharist; to drive him to despair and hope lessness. According to author’s witness, some people struggled with this problem for their whole life, and in extreme cases its effect was even a state of madness. John Climacus, a good “psychologist” and expert in the spiritual life, clearly emphasizes the fact that the assaults of blasphemous thoughts are beyond a man’s control. In that case he is like a passive listener, whom reach some external voices. Besides, stopping the attacks of such thoughts is almost impossible because they are violent and rapid. Therefore, in the author’s opinion, the traditional methods of struggle against the demon of blasphemy, like severe mortifications and spelling repeatedly various scriptural words, do not get expected results. The only way to beat the enemy is to remain calm and indifferent towards such thoughts. Spiritual direction plays an important role in this matter. The monk still has to overcome shame and confess sincerely his own thoughts to an elder (abba). The duty of the spiritual father, in turn, is to calm down conscience of the disciple, so that he will not worry about the problem anymore. We have to admit that no previous writer speaks in such soothing tone about the blasphemous thoughts.
Słowa kluczowe:
myśli bluźniercze, demon bluźnierstwa, walka z demonami, wyznawanie myśli, Jan KlimakBibliografia
Apophthegmata Patrum. Poemen 93, PG 65
Barsanuphius, Epistula, ed. F. Neyt – P. de Angelis-Noah, SCh 450, Paris 2000
Chryssavgis J., Introduzione, w: Giovanni Climaco. La Scala, ed. L. d’Ayala Valva, Magnano 2005
Chryssavgis J., The Monk and the Demon: the Demonology of the Byzantine Fathers. A Study of the Ladder of St. John Climacus, „Theologia 57 (1986) fasc. 4
Chryssavgis J., The Sources of St. John Climacus, „Ostkirchliche Studien” 37 (1988) 3-13
Deseille P., La dottrina spirituale di Giovanni Climaco, w: Giovanni Climaco e il Sinai. Atti del IX Convegno ecumenico internazionale di spiritualità ortodossa sezione bizantina, ed. S. Chialà – L. Cremaschi, Magnano 2002
Dorotheus Gazaeus, Doctrinae diversae9, ed. L. Regnault – J. de Préville, SCh 92, Paris 1963
Evagrius Ponticus, Practicus, ed. A. i C. Guillaumont, SCh 171, Paris 1971
Flusin B., Il monachesimo sinaitico al tempo di Giovanni Climaco, w: Giovanni Climaco e il Sinai. Atti del IX Convegno ecumenico internazionale di spiritualità ortodossa sezione bizantina, ed. S. Chialà – L. Cremaschi, Magnano 2002
Jasiewicz A., Modele kierownictwa duchowego u św. Jana Klimaka, „Premislia Christiana” 14 (2010/2011)
Joannes Cassianus, Collationes Patrum, ed. E. Pichery, SCh 42, Paris 1955
Joannes Climacus, Scala Paradisi 23, PG 88
Martzelos G.D., Il fondamento teologico della spiritualità dei Padri sinaiti, w: Giovanni Climaco e il Sinai. Atti del IX Convegno ecumenico internazionale di spiritualità ortodossa sezione bizantina, ed. S. Chialà – L. Cremaschi, Magnano 2002
Palladiusza, Historia Lausiaca, ed. A. Lucot: Palladius, Histoire Lausiaque, Paris 1912
Paulus Evergetinus, Synagoge, ed. Hieromonk Patapios – Archbishop Chrysostomos, w: The Evergetinos. A Complete Text, vol. 3, California 2008
Święty Jan Klimak, Drabina raju, tłum. W. Polanowski, oprac. E. Osek, Kęty 2011
Villera M., Rahnera K., Aszese und Mystik in der Väterzeit. Ein Abriss, Freiburg 1939
Walther Völker, Scala Paradisi. Eine Studie zu Johannes Climacus und zugleich eine Vorstudie zu Symeon dem Neuen Theologen, Wiesbaden 1968
WSD OO. Bernardynów w Kalwarii Zebrzydowskiej
Licencja
Artykuły w czasopiśmie objęte są licencją Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Autorzy i użytkownicy mogą korzystać z utworów na licencji CC-BY-ND od roku 2018. Dla wcześniejszych publikacji prawa autorskie są udostępnione na prawach dozwolonego użytku zgodnie z zapisami Ustawy z dnia 4 lutego 1994 r. o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych.