The Motif of the torcular Christi and its Reminiscences in Medieval Liturgical Poetry
Tadeusz Gacia
John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin , Polandhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1836-9506
Abstract
The study presents reminiscences of the torcular Christi motif in the liturgical poetry of the Middle Ages against the background of evidence of its presence in the writings of the Fathers of the Church and authors of later centuries. The source of the motif is the text of the Book of Isaiah 63:1-3, referred to Christ as an allegory. The grape is Christ, and the winepress is His cross - torcular Christi. Since late antiquity, the text of Isaiah was read at Mass on Holy Wednesday and was part of the breviary office on the Friday after the third Sunday of Lent. The image of torcular Christi became permanent in the consciousness of the faithful and went beyond the liturgy - also into the world of art and poetry. The article refers to eleven poetic works which contain reminiscences of the motif of the pressing plant to varying degrees (in whole or in some fragments). These are texts by Peter Abelard, Peter the Venerable - Abbot of Cluny, Peter Damiani, Philip the Chancellor, Adam of Saint Victor and anonymous authors. The annex to the study contains the original text and the author's translation into Polish of the commented source texts.
Keywords:
torcular Christi, mystical press, grape of wine, Latin liturgical poetry, Middle AgesReferences
Adamus de S. Victore, Ecce dies celebris (Pâques, feria II) – Grosfillier J., Les séquences d’Adam de Saint-Victor. Étude littéraire (poétique et rhétorique). Textes et traductions, commentaires, Bibliotheca Victorina 20, Turnhout 2008, s. 303-306 [= Analecta Hymnica LIV, ed. C. Blume – H.M. Brannister, Lepzig 1915, s. 218-219].
Amalarius Mettensis, De ecclesiasticis officiis, PL 105, 985-1242, tł. Amalariusz z Metzu, Dzieła, Tom 1: Święte obrzędy Kościoła, tł. zbiorowe, red. T. Gacia, Lublin 2016.
Ambrosius Mediolanensis, De benedictionibus patriarcharum, PL 14, 673-694.
Anselmus Laudunensis et schola, Liber Genesis 49, PL 113, 67-182.
Augustinus Hipponensis, Enarrationes in psalmos 83, PL 37, 1034-1966.
Beda Venerabilis, Commentarii in Pentateuchum. Genesis, PL 91, 189-0394.
Breviarium Romanum ex decreto SS. Concilii Tridentini restitutum S. Pii V Pontificis Maximi iussu editum, Clementis VIII, Urbani VIII et Leonis XIII auctoritate recognitum. Editio quarta post typicam. Pars verna, Ratisbonae, Neoeboracii et Cincinnatii 1891.
Crux, de te volo conqueri [= Dialogus Virginis cum cruce], Analecta Hymnica XXI, ed. G.M. Dreves, Leipzig 1895, s. 20-21.
De Sion exivit tenor legis, Analecta Hymnica XX, ed. G.M. Dreves, Leipzig 1895, s. 107.
Deus, tuorum militum [= De sancto Quintino. Ad Laudes], Analecta Hymnica XI, ed. G.M. Dreves, Leipzig 1891, s. 224.
Gregorius Magnus, Homiliae in Ezechielem, PL 76, 785-1072.
Hymni latini medii aevi e codd. mss. edidit et adnotationibus, ed. F.J. Mone, Friburgi – Brisgoviae 1854.
Iacobus de Varagine [= Iacopo da Varazze], Sermones Quadragesimales, ed. G.P. Maggioni, Firrenze 2005.
Maximus Taurinensis, Homiliae, PL 57, 915-920.
Omne genus tormentorum [= De sancto Georgio. In III nocturno. Responsoria], Analecta Hymnica XLVa, ed. G.M. Dreves, Lepzig 1904, s. 91-94.
Paschasius Radbertus, Liber de corpore et sanguine Domini, PL 120, 1255-1350.
Petrus Abaelardus, Quadrigae Christi [= Hymni et Sequentiae. In festo Evangelistarum. In I Nocturno et ad Vesperas], PL 178, 1806.
Petrus Abaelardus, Sermones, PL 178, 379-610.
Petrus Abaelardus, Torcular crux [= Hymni et Sequentiae. In festo Evangelistarum. LXXI. In II Nocturno et ad Vesperas], PL 178, 1807.
Petrus Damianus, O genitrix aeterni [= Carmina sacra et preces. Rhytmus Sanctae Mariae Viriginis 20], PL 145, 929-930.
Petrus Verabilis [Cluniacensis], A Patre mittitur [= Rhytmus in laude Salvatoris], Analecta Hymnica XLVIII, ed. G.M. Dreves, Leipzig 1905, s. 244-251 [= Carmina: In laudem Salvatoris rhytmus, PL 211, 1012-1014].
Rabanus Maurus, Commentariorum in Genesim libri quattuor, PL 107, 439-670.
Rabanus Maurus, De laudibus Sanctae Crucis, PL 107, 133-294.
Uvam calcat [= De sancto Firmino martyre], Analecta Hymnica X, ed. G.M. Dreves, Leipzig 1891, s. 174-175.
Venantius Fortunatus, In laudem sanctae Mariae, w: Venance Fortunat, Poèmes. T. III. Livres IX-XI. Appendice – In laudem sanctae Mariae, tł. M. Reydellet, Paris 2004, s. 164-179.
Vineam meam plantavi [= Cantiones paschales, 64], Analecta Hymnica XXI, ed. GM. Dreves, Leipzig 1891, s. 47.
Dreves G.M., Einleitung, AH XX, Cantiones et muteti, ed. C.M. Dreves, Leipzig 1895, s. 5-34.
Dreves G.M., Vorvort, AH XV, Reimgebete und Leselieder des Mittelaters, Erste Folge aus Handschriften und Wiegendrucken, ed. G.M. Dreves, Leipzig 1883, s. 5-7.
Gourmont R. de, Le Latin Mystique: Les Poètes de L’Antiphonaire et la Symbolique Au Moyen âge, Paris 1892.
Kubiak E., Alegoria Eucharystii – wspólne wzory graficzne w malarstwie XVII i XVIII w. w Polsce i w Peru, „Sztuka Ameryki Łacińskiej” 1 (2011) s. 213-242. (Crossref)
Krawiec-Złotkowska K., Torcular Christi w literaturze polskiego baroku. Wybrane przykłady, „Język – Szkoła – Religia” 16 (2001) s. 59-75. (Crossref)
Małkiewiczówna H., Interpretacja treści piętnastowiecznego malowidła ściennego z Chrystusem w tłoczni mistycznej w krużgankach franciszkańskich w Krakowie, „Folia Historiae artium” 8 (1972) s. 69-149.
Muza łacińska. Antologia poezji wczesnochrześcijańskiej i średniowiecznej (III-XIV/XV w.), opr. M. Starowieyski, Wrocław – Warszawa – Kraków 2007.
Pasolini A., L’iconografia della fontana mistica nell’arte moderna, w: Ricerche sulle Architetture dell’Acqua in Sardegna, red. M. Cadinu, Wupperta 2015, s. 103-124.
Rado P., Enchiridion liturgicum complectens theologiae sacramentalis et dogmata et leges iuxta novum codicem rubricarum, t. 2, Romae – Friburgi – Brisg. – Barcinone 1961.
Stawecka K., Poezja średniowieczna i nowołacińska w Polsce jako wyraz kultury chrześcijańskiej, „Roczniki Humanistyczne” 33/3 (1984) s. 95-109.
John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1836-9506
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Papers published in Vox Patrum are covered by the Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) licence. Authors and users can use published works licensed under the CC-BY-ND since 2018. For earlier publications, copyrights are available under fair use rights in accordance with the Act of February 4, 1994 on copyrights and related rights.
