Christian Experience and Paul’s Logic of Solidarity: the Spiral Structure of Romans 5–8
Abstract
This essay investigates key aspects of the rhetorical structure of Romans 5–8 in relationship to Paul’s depictions of Christian experience. Taking Romans 5:1–5 as a blueprint for a trajectory of hope in chapters 5–8, I discuss three textual “detours” where Paul interrupts that trajectory: a rhetorical performance of life under sin (7:7–25), a depiction of union with all creation in suffering and hope (8:18–27), and a cry of lament (8:26). These rhetorical interruptions evoke Christian experience in solidarity with all creation - a solidarity that in turn displays Christ’s redemptive participation in the depths of all human dereliction, and thereby evokes hope.
Keywords:
Christian experience, rhetoric, solidarity, lament, hopeReferences
Barclay, J.M.G., “Paul’s Story: Theology as Testimony,” Narrative Dynamics in Paul. A Critical Assessment (ed. B.W. Longenecker) (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox 2002) 133–156.
Barclay, J.M.G., “Under Grace: The Christ-Gift and the Construction of a Christian Habitus”, Apocalyptic Paul. Cosmos and Anthropos in Romans 5–8 (ed. B.R. Gaventa) (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press 2013) 59–76.
Barclay, J.M.G., Paul and the Gift (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans 2015).
Barrett, C.K., The Epistle to the Romans (Black’s New Testament Commentaries 6; London: Hendrickson 1991).
Bertschmann, D., “‘The Silence of the Lambs’: Suffering, Meaning-Making, and Lament in Romans 8,18–39”, Dying with Christ—New Life in Hope. Romans 5,12–8,39 (ed. J.M.G. Barclay) (Leuven: Peeters 2021) 209–235. (Crossref)
Bourdieu, P., Outline of a Theory of Practice (trans. R. Nice; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1977). (Crossref)
Bourdieu, P., The Logic of Practice (trans. R. Nice; Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press 1990).
Branick, V.P., “The Sinful Flesh of the Son of God (Rom 8:3): A Key Image of Pauline Theology”, Catholic Biblical Quarterly 47 (1985) 246–262.
Byrne, B., Romans (Sacra Pagina 6; Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press 2007).
Calvin, J., Commentaries on the Epistle of Paul to the Romans (trans. J. Owen) (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans 1955).
Carson, M., “Deep Heat and Bandages? Historical Criticism, Bounded Indeterminacy, and Pastoral Care,” Evangelical Quarterly 82/4 (2010) 340–352.
Cranfield, C.E.B., A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans (ICC; London: Clark 1975).
Dunn, J.D.G., Romans 1–8 (Word Biblical Commentary 38A; Dallas, TX: Word 1988).
Eastman, S.G., “Whose Apocalypse? The Identity of the Sons of God in Romans 8:19,” Journal of Biblical Literature 121/2 (2002) 263–277 (Crossref)
Eastman, S.G., Recovering Paul’s Mother Tongue. Language and Theology in Galatians (Grand Rapids, MI – Cambridge: Eerdmans 2007).
Eastman, S.G. “Double Participation and the Responsible Self in Romans 5–8”, Apocalyptic Paul. Cosmos and Anthropos in Romans 5–8 (ed. B.G. Gaventa) (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press 2013) 93–110.
Eastman, S.G., Paul and the Person. Reframing Paul’s Anthropology (Grand Rapids, MI – Cambridge: Eerdmans 2017).
Eastman, S.G., “Strengthening the Ego for Service: The Pastoral Purpose of Romans 7,7–25”, Dying with Christ – New Life in Hope. Romans 5,12—8,39 (ed. J.M.G. Barclay) (Louvain: Peeters 2021) 137–164. (Crossref)
Engberg-Pedersen, T., “Paul’s Necessity: A Bourdieusque Reading of the Pauline Project”, Beyond Reception. Mutual Influences between Antique Religion, Judaism, and Early Christianity (eds. D. Brakke – A.C. Jacobsen – J. Ulrich) (Frankfurt: Lang 2006) 69–88.
Engberg-Pedersen, T., “The Construction of Religious Experience in Paul”, Experientia. I. Inquiry into Religious Experience in Early Judaism and Early Christianity (eds. F. Flannery – C. Shantz – R.A. Werline) (SBL Symposium Series 40; Atlanta, GA: SBL 2008) 147–157.
Engberg-Pedersen, T., Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul. The Material Spirit (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2010). (Crossref)
Fee, G.D., God’s Empowering Presence. The Holy Spirit in the Letters of Paul (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson 1994).
Fitzmyer, J.A., Romans. A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary (Anchor Bible; New York: Doubleday 1993).
Gaventa, B.R., “Interpreting the Death of Jesus Apocalyptically: Reconsidering Romans 8:32”, Jesus and Paul Reconnected. Fresh Pathways into an Old Debate (ed. T. Still) (Grand Rapids, MI – Cambridge: Eerdmans 2007) 125–145.
Gaventa, B.R., “The Shape of the ‘I’: The Psalmist, the Gospel, and the Speaker in Romans 7”, Apocalyptic Paul. Cosmos and Anthropos in Romans 5–8 (ed. B.R. Gaventa) (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press 2013) 77–91.
Hooker, M.D., “Interchange in Christ,” From Adam to Christ. Essays on Paul (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1991) 13–25.
Irenaeus, Against Heresies, trans. A. Roberts – W. Rambaut: Ante-Nicene Fathers (eds. A. Roberts – J. Donaldson – A.C. Coxe) (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing 1885) I.
Jewett, R., Romans. A Commentary (Hermeneia; Minneapolis, MN: Fortress 2007).
Käsemann, E., “The Cry for Liberty in the Worship of the Church,” E. Käsemann, Perspectives on Paul (trans. M. Kohl) (Philadelphia, PA: Fortress 1971) 122–137.
Käsemann, E., Commentary on Romans (trans. G.W. Bromiley) (Grand Rapids, MI – Cambridge: Eerdmans 1980).
Keck, L., “What Makes Romans Tick?,” Pauline Theology. III. Romans (eds. D.M. Hay – E.E. Johnson) (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress 1995) 3–29.
Keck, L., Romans (Nashville, TN: Abingdon 2005).
Keener, C.S., Romans (The New Covenant Commentary Series; Eugene, OR: Cascade 2009).
Longenecker, R.N., The Epistle to the Romans (New International Greek Testament Commentary; Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans 2016).
Mininger, M.A., Uncovering the Theme of Revelation in Romans 1:16–3:26. Discovering a New Approach to Paul’s Argument (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 2/445; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2017).
Rabens, V., “Power from In Between: The Relational Experience of the Holy Spirit and Spiritual Gifts in Paul’s Churches”, The Spirit and Christ in the New Testament and Christian Theology. Essays in Honor of Max Turner (eds. I.H. Marshall – V. Rabens – C. Bennema (Grand Rapids, MI – Cambridge: Eerdmans 2012) 138–155.
Sanders, E.P., Paul and Palestinian Judaism. A Comparison of Patterns of Religion (Philadelphia, PA: Fortress 1977).
Steenberg, M.C., Of God and Man. Theology as Anthropology from Irenaeus to Athanasius (London: Clark 2009).
Stowers, S.K., A Rereading of Romans. Justice, Jews, and Gentiles (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press 1994).
Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on the Letter of Saint Paul to the Romans (trans. F.R. Larcher) (Lander, WY: Aquinas Institute for the Study of Sacred Doctrine 2012).
Timmins, W., Romans 7 and Christian Identity. A Study of the ‘I’ in its Literary Context (Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2017).
Williams, R., “Nobody Knows Who I Am Till the Judgment Morning,” R. Williams, On Christian Theology (Oxford: Blackwell 2000) 276–289.
Wolter, M., Paul. An Outline of His Theology (trans. R. L. Brawley) (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press 2015).
Zahl, S., “Beyond the Critique of Soteriological Individualism: Relationality and Social Cognition,” Modern Theology 37/2 (2021) 336–361. (Crossref)
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Pursuant to the Act on Copyright and Related Rights of February 4, 1994, the Author of the publication grants to the Publisher of the journal „The Biblical Annals” e a non-exclusive and royalty-free license to use the Work submitted for publication, without time and territorial restrictions in the following fields of use:
a) record the Work and copy it by means of any technique (including printing and electronic recording) on all known data carriers (including IT, electronic and polygraphic), and in all IT systems (in particular those available online);
b) enter the Work into computer memory, disseminate the Work and its copies, as well as market the Work and its copies;
c) publicly perform, replay, display and screen the Work, as well as lend, rent and lease the Work and its copies;
d) make available, market and disseminate the Work and its copies via IT networks, and in particular via the Internet, including the promotion or advertising of the Work, the journal or the Publisher. - The Author shall further grant his/her consent for the Publisher to use and dispose of derivative works.
- The Publisher may sublicense the work.
- Third parties may use the articles and other materials containing the Works, or developed on the basis of the Works in line with the model Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (also referred to as CC BY 4.0).