Dwelling and Clothing as Metaphors for the Human Body in 2 Cor 5:1–4

Franciszek Mickiewicz

Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw , Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3945-8169


Abstract

There is an allegory of the human body in 2 Cor 5:1–4 that is discussed by many scholars and has many different interpretations. The author of this article joins this discussion and tries to answer the question of what the theological message of this pericope is. The metaphors that make it up can be divided into two groups: 1) home metaphors; 2) metaphors of putting on and taking off of clothes. In his text, Paul arranges them in an antithetical way and refers to two stages of human life: the earthly life of believers, which a person leads in a destructible body and which ends in death, and the future condition of believers, which begins with the reception of the resurrection body. The analysis carried out in the ar­ticle leads to the conclusion that, in his reflection, Paul does not write anything about the intermediate state which is referred to by the followers of Platonic and Gnostic thought in the Hellenistic environment. He eagerly wishes to stand before the Lord during the Parousia without losing his mortal body in order to pass to eternal life without the experience of death by putting on the glorious body.

Keywords:

body, anthropology of St. Paul, death, resurrection, eternal life

Aune, D.E., “Anthropological Duality in the Eschatology of 2 Cor 4:16–5:10,” Jesus, Gospel Tradition and Paul in the Context of Jewish and Greco-Roman Antiquity. Collected Essays II (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 303; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2013) 353–380.

Barnett, P., The Second Epistle to the Corinthians (The New International Commentary on the New Testament; Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans 1997).

Barrett, C.K., A Commentary on the Second Epistle to the Corinthians (Harper’s New Testament Commentaries; New York: Harper and Row 1973).

Baumert, N., Täglich sterben und auferstehen. Der Literalsinn von 2. Kor. 4,12–5,10 (München: Kösel 1973).

Berry, R., “Death and Life in Christ. The Meaning of 2 Corinthians 5,1–10,” Scottish Journal of Theology 14 (1961) 60–76. (Crossref)

Bianchini, F., “2 Co 5,6–8 et Ph 1,23: État intermédiaire et immortalité de l’âme chez Paul?,” Science et Esprit 66 (2014) 433–444.

Bultmann, R., Exegetische Probleme des zweiten Korintherbriefes (Symbolae Biblicae Upsalienses 9; Uppsala: Wretman 1947).

Bultmann, R., The Second Letter to the Corinthians (Minneapolis: Augsburg 1985).

Bultmann, R., Teologia del Nuovo Testamento (Brescia: Queriniana 1985).

Cassidy, R.J., “Paul’s Attitude to Death in II Corinthians 5:1–10,” Evangelical Quarterly 43 (1971) 210–217. (Crossref)

Craig, W.L., “Paul’s Dilemma in 2 Corinthians 5.1–10: a «Catch-22»?,” New Testament Studies 34/1 (1988) 145–147. (Crossref)

Cranford, L., “A New Look at 2 Cor 5:1–10,” Southwestern Journal of Theology 19 (1976) 95–100.

Dąbrowski, E., Listy do Koryntian. Wstęp – przekład z oryginału, komentarz (Pismo Święte Nowego Testamentu 7; Poznań: Pallottinum 1965).

Danker, F.W., “Consolation in 2 Cor. 5:1–10,” Concordia Theological Monthly 39 (1968) 552–556.

Daugherty, K., “Naked Bodies and Heavenly Clothing: ΓΥΜΝΟΣ In 2 Corinthians 5.3,” Journal of Greco-Roman Christianity and Judaism 8 (2011–2012) 199–222.

Demke, C., “Zur Auslegung von 2 Korinther 5,1–10,” Evangelische Theologie 29 (1969) 589–602. (Crossref)

Dunn, J.D.G., The Theology of Paul the Apostle (Edinburgh: Clark 1998).

Ellis, E.E., “II Corinthians v. 1–10 in Pauline Eschatology,” New Testament Studies 6 (1960) 211–224. (Crossref)

Feuillet, A., “La demeure céleste et la destinée des chrétiens. Exégèse de 2 Co 5,1–10 et contribution à l’étude des fondements de l’eschatologie paulinienne,” Recherches de science religieuse 44 (1956) 161–192, 360–402.

Garland, D.A., 2 Corinthians. An Exegetical and Theological Exposition of Holy Scripture (New American Commentary 29; Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman 1999).

Goetzman, J., “Haus, bauen,” Theologisches Begriffslexikon zum Neuen Testament (eds. L. Coenen – E. Beyreuther – H. Bietenhard) (Wuppertal: Brockhaus 1986) 636–640.

Gillmann, J., “A Thematic Comparison: 1 Cor 15,50–57 and 2 Cor 5,1–5,” Journal of Biblical Literature 107 (1988) 439–454. (Crossref)

Glasson, T.F., “2 Corinthians v. 1–10, Versus Platonism,” Scottish Journal of Theology 43 (1990) 145–155. (Crossref)

Hanhart, K., “Paul’s Hope in the Face of Death,” Journal of Biblical Literature 88 (1969) 445–457. (Crossref)

Hanhart, K., “Hope in the Face of Death: Preserving the Original Text of 2 Cor 5:3,” Neotestamentica 31/1 (1997) 77–86.

Harris, M.J., “2 Corinthians 5:1–10: A Watershed in Paul’s Theology?,” Tyndale Bulletin 22 (1971) 32–57. (Crossref)

Harris, M.J., The Second Epistle to the Corinthians. A Commentary on the Greek Text (The New International Greek Testament Commentary; Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans 2005).

Hettlinger, R., “2 Corinthians 5,1–10,” Scottish Journal of Theology 10 (1957) 174–194. (Crossref)

Hoffmann, P., Die Toten in Christus. Eine Religionsgeschichtliche und exegetische Untersuchung zur paulinischen Eschatologie, 3 ed. (Neutestamentliche Abhandlungen. Neue Folge 2; Münster: Aschendorff 1978).

Keener, C.S., 1–2 Corinthians (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2005). (Crossref)

Kitzberger, I.R., Bau der Gemeinde. Das paulinische Wortfeld οἰκοδομή/(ἐπ)οικοδομεῖν (Forschung zur Bibel 53; Würzburg: Echter 1986).

Kuśmirek, A., “Sanktuarium uczynione ręką,” Słowo pojednania. Księga Pamiątkowa z okazji siedemdziesiątych urodzin Księdza Michała Czajkowskiego (ed. J. Warzecha) (Biblioteka “Więzi” 160; Warszawa: Więź 2004) 118–126.

Lambrecht, J., “La vie engloutit ce qui est mortel: Commentaire de 2 Co 5, 4c,” La Pâque du Christ, mystère de salut. Mélanges offerts au Pater F.-X. Durrwell pour son 70e anniversaire (ed. M. Benzerath) (Lectio Divina 112; Paris: Cerf 1982) 237–248.

Lambrecht, J., Second Corinthians (Sacra Pagina 8; Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press 1999).

Lillie, W., “An Approach to 2 Corinthians 5.1–10,” Scottish Journal of Theology 30 (1977) 59–70. (Crossref)

Lindemann, A., “Paulus und die korinthische Eschatologie. Zur These von einer «Entwicklung» im paulinischen Denken,” New Testament Studies 37 (1991) 373–399. (Crossref)

Lindgard, F., Paul’s Line of Thought in 2 Corinthians 4:16–5:10 (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 2/189; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2005).

Manzi, F., Seconda lettera ai Corinzi. Nuova versione, introduzione e commento (I Libri Biblici. Nuovo Testamento 9; Milano: Paoline 2002).

Martin, R.P., 2 Corinthians, 2 ed. (Word Biblical Commentary 40; Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan 2014).

Matera, F.J., “Apostolic Suffering and Resurrection Faith. Distinguishing Between Appearance and Reality (2 Cor 4,7–5,10),” Resurrection in the New Testament. Festschrift J. Lambrecht (eds. R. Bieringer – V. Koperski – B. Lataire) (Leuven: Leuven University Press 2002) 387–405.

McCant, J.W., “Competing Pauline Eschatologies. An Exegetical Comparison of 1 Corinthians 15 and 2 Corinthians 5,” Wesleyan Theological Journal 29 (1994) 23–49.

Metts, R., “Death, Discipleship, and Discourse Strategies, 2 Cor 5:1–10 – Once Again,” Criswell Theological Review 4 (1989) 57–76.

Metzger, B.M. (ed.), A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament. A Companion Volume to the United Bible Societes’ Greek New Testament, 4 ed. (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft 1994).

Meyer, H.A.W., Critical and Exegetical Hand-Book to the Epistles to the Corinthians (New York: Funk & Wagnalls 1884).

Michaelis, W., “σκῆνος,” Theologische Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament (eds. G. Kittel – G. Friedrich) (Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 1936) VII, 383–385.

Mundle, W., “Das Problem des Zwischenzustandes in dem Abschnitt 2 Kor. 5,1–10,” Festgabe für Adolf Jülicher

zum 70. Geburtstag (eds. R. Bultmann – H.V. Soden) (Tübingen: Mohr 1927) 93–109.

Oepke, A., “γυμνός,” Theologische Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament (eds. G. Kittel – G. Friedrich) (Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 1933) I, 773–775.

Osei-Bonsu, J., “Does 2 Cor 5,1–10 Teach Reception of the Resurrection Body at the Moment of Death?,”Journal for the Study of the New Testament 28 (1986) 81–101. (Crossref)

Paciorek, A., Drugi List do Koryntian. Wstęp, przekład z oryginału, komentarz (Nowy Komentarz Biblijny. Nowy Testament 8; Częstochowa: Edycja Świętego Pawła 2017).

Penna, R., “Vivere con Cristo dopo la morte (2 Cor 5,1–10; Fil 1,23),” Parola, Spirito e Vita 8 (1983) 133–145.

Perriman, A.C., “Paul and the Parousia: 1 Corinthians 15.50–57 and 2 Corinthians 5.1–5,” New Testament Studies 35 (1989) 512–521. (Crossref)

Plummer, A., A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Second Epistle of St Paul to the Corinthians (Edinburgh: Clark 1985).

Reynolds, E., “Away from the Body and at Home with the Lord: 2 Corinthians 5:1–10 in Context,” Journal of the Adventist Theological Society 24 (2013) 137–152.

Rissi, M., Studien zum zweiten Korintherbrief. Der alte Bund, Der Prediger, Der Tod (Zürich: Zwingli 1969).

Robertson, A.T., A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research, 4 ed. (Nashville, TN: Broadman 1934).

Robinson, J.A.T., The Body. A Study in Pauline Theology (Studies in Biblical Theology 5; London: SCM 1952).

Seifrid, M.A., The Second Letter to the Corinthians (The Pillar New Testament Commentary; Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans 2014).

Smith, I.K., “Does 2 Corinthians 5,1–8 Refer to an Intermediate State?,” Reformed Theological Review 55 (1996) 14–23.

Stam, C.R., Commentary on the Second Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians (Chicago, IL: Berean Bible Society 1992).

Stegman, T., Second Corinthians (Catholic Commentary on Sacred Scripture; Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic 2009).

Thrall, M.E., “‘Putting on’ or ‘Stripping of’ in 2 Corinthians 5,3,” New Testament Textual Criticism. Its Significance for Exegesis. Essays in Honour of Bruce M. Metzger (eds. E.J. Epp – G.D. Fee) (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1981) 221–237.

Thrall, M.E., A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Second Epistle to the Corinthians. I. Introduction and Commentary on II Corinthians I–VII (Edinburgh: Clark 1994).

Verster, P., “Abode in Heaven. Paul and Life After Death in 2 Corinthians 5:1–10,” Missionalia 44/1 (2016) 19–33. (Crossref)

Wagner, G., “Le tabernacle et La vie «en Christ». Exégèse de 2 Corinthiens 5:1 à 10,” Revue d’histoire et de philosophie religieuses 41 (1961) 379–393. (Crossref)

Walter, N., “Hellenistische Eschatologie bei Paulus? Zu 2 Kor 5,1–10,” Theologische Quartalschrift 176/1 (1996) 53–64.

Windisch, H., Der zweite Korintherbrief (Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar über das Neue Testament 6; Göttingen; Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1970).

Wolff, C., Der zweite Brief des Paulus and die Korinther (THKNT 8; Berlin: Evangelische Verlagsanstalt 1989).

Wright, N.T., Surprised by Hope. Rethinking Heaven, the Resurrection, and the Mission of the Church (New York: Harper One 2008).

Zeilinger, F., Wiara w zmartwychwstanie w Biblii (Kraków: WAM 2011).

Zeller, D., “Versuch über 2 Kor 5,1–5,” Der zweite Korintherbrief: Literarische Gestalt – historische Situation – theologische Argumentation. Festschrift zum 70. Geburtstag von Dietrich-Alex Koch (ed. D. Sänger) (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2012) 380–393. (Crossref)

Zorn, R.O., “II Corinthians 5:1–10: Individual Eschatology or Corporate Solidarity, Which?,” The Reformed Theological Review 48/3 (1989) 93–104.

Download

Published
2022-10-26


Mickiewicz, F. (2022). Dwelling and Clothing as Metaphors for the Human Body in 2 Cor 5:1–4. The Biblical Annals, 12(4), 545–563. https://doi.org/10.31743/biban.13643

Franciszek Mickiewicz  fmickiewicz@o2.pl
Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3945-8169



License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

  1. Pursuant to the Act on Copyright and Related Rights of February 4, 1994, the Author of the publication grants to the Publisher of the journal „The Biblical Annals” e a non-exclusive and royalty-free license to use the Work submitted for publication, without time and territorial restrictions in the following fields of use:
    a) record the Work and copy it by means of any technique (including printing and electronic recording) on all known data carriers (including IT, electronic and polygraphic), and in all IT systems (in particular those available online);
    b) enter the Work into computer memory, disseminate the Work and its copies, as well as market the Work and its copies;
    c) publicly perform, replay, display and screen the Work, as well as lend, rent and lease the Work and its copies;
    d) make available, market and disseminate the Work and its copies via IT networks, and in particular via the Internet, including the promotion or advertising of the Work, the journal or the Publisher.
  2. The Author shall further grant his/her consent for the Publisher to use and dispose of derivative works.
  3. The Publisher may sublicense the work.
  4. Third parties may use the articles and other materials containing the Works, or developed on the basis of the Works in line with the model Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (also referred to as CC BY 4.0).