Demagogy of the media: information and/or manipulation within social media
Sabahudin Hadžialić
Abstrakt
Demagogia mediów w wirtualnej rzeczywistości odbioru sieci społecznościowych w sieci WWW to informacja i/lub manipulacja w celu realizacji indywidualnych i/ lub grupowych interesów. Sieci społecznościowe, których używamy do przekazywania informacji i komunikacji w sieci, stanowią zarówno komunikat, jak i medium. Używamy ich jako klasycznego medium do przekazywania, sublimacji, oraz tworzenia informacji z istniejących informacji zwrotnych, o identycznych, podobnych lub sprzecznych intencjach. Sposób prezentowania nas samych w tych mediach to rodzaj przesłania o zamysłach osób nam przeciwnych, ale także tych, którzy „nas śledzą, czytają i komunikują się z nami”. Kiedy portale społecznościowe są wykorzystywane do dziennikarstwa internetowego, pozwala to dotrzeć do większej liczby osób, w odróżnieniu od „klasycznego” dziennikarstwa, a jednocześnie daje to możliwość komentowania w momencie zamieszczenia na portalu społecznościowym, pełni to również rolę reklamy dla naszego własnego przekazu i naszych mediów. Czy żyjemy w wirtualnym świecie prawdziwej komunikacji społecznej, której celem jest zapewnienie nam kompleksowej informacji o naszym własnym istnieniu, czy też w rzeczywistym świecie wirtualnej komunikacji społecznej, która definiuje nas jako część binarnego kodu naszego własnego myślenia?
Słowa kluczowe:
demagogia, informacja, manipulacja, media społecznościowe, przesłanie, dziennikarstwo, komunikacja, ludzie, kontrolaBibliografia
Literature
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WWW sites re statistics
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Coen, V.d.V. (2015), Vukovar: Still divided by war, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2015/11/vukovar-divided-war-croatia-serbia-massacre-151120090853383.html (28.03.2020)
Craig, R. (2005), Online Journalism, (Belmont, USA: Thomson/Wadsworth).
Darrow, B (2017), LinkedIn claims half a billion users, http://fortune.com/2017/04/24/linkedin-users/ (27.03.2020)
DeMers, J. (2014), The top 10 benefits of social media marketing – https://www.forbes.com/sites/jaysondemers/2014/08/11/the-top-10-benefits-of-social-media-marketing/#6c2c15371f80 (accessed 1.04.2020).
Edwards, J. (2016), This conspiracy theory says ad tech companies deliberately keep web pages loading slow because they make more money that way, http://uk.businessinsider.com/conspiracy-web-pages-load-slowly-because-they-make-more-money-that-way-2015-7 (1.04.2020).
From, E. (1994), Escape from Freedom, (New York, Holt).
Galagher, F. (2015), How many users does Google+ really have?, http://www.techtimes.com/articles/51205/20150506/many-users-google-really.htm (3.04.2020).
Global desktop web browser market share statcounter [graphic 1], http://gs.statcounter.com/ (6.04.2020).
Grainger, C. (2017), Is your Facebook obsession feeding a personality disorder?, http://www.rd.com/advice/relationships/facebook-and-narcissism/ (3.04.2020).
Greenwood, S., A. Perrin, M. Duggan (2016), Social Media Update 2016, http://www.pewinternet.org/2016/11/11/social-media-update-2016/ (4.04.2020).
Hadžialić, S. (2014), Bosnia and Herzegovina and XXI century, (Morrisville: Lulu Enterprises, Inc.).
Hosting Facts (2017), Internet Stats & Facts for 2017, https://hostingfacts.com/internet-facts-stats-2016/ (4.04.2020).
Internet user distribution in the world – 2020 Q1 [graphic 3], http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm) (6.04.2020).
Internet World Penetration Rates by geographic regions – 2020 Q1 [graphic 2], http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm (7.04.2020).
Internet World Stats (2017), Internet Usage Statistics, The Internet Big Picture http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm (accessed 4.04.2020).
Johansson, E., [photo 1], http://hypenotice.com/artwork/photo-manipulations-by-erik-johansson/11/ (8.04.2020).
J. Robert Oppenheimer, http://www.atomicheritage.org/profile/j-robert-oppenheimer.
Keller, J. (2010), When campaigns manipulate social media, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2010/11/when-campaigns-manipulate-social-media/66351/ (4.04.2020).
Mayer, T. ( 2003), Mediokracija, medijska kolonizacija politike, (Zagreb: Fakultet Političkih Znanosti): 103.
Machiedo, M. (2013), Naše doba sliči mahnitom 17. stoljeću, „VIJENAC. Književni list za umjetnost, kulturu i znanost”, 508-509: 4-6, http://www.matica.hr/vijenac/508/nase-doba-slici-mahnitom-17-stoljecu-22253/ (1.04.2020).
Markandeya, V. (2012), Computer scientist warns of social media manipulation in U.S. election, http://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/internet/computer-scientist-warns-of-social-media-manipulation-in-us-election (5.04.2020).
Metcalf, S. (2017), Neoliberalism: the idea that swallowed the world, https://www.theguardian.com/news/2017/aug/18/neoliberalism-the-idea-that-changed-the-world (5.04.2020).
Miller, H. (1891-1980), Henry Miller > Quotes > Quotable Quote, https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/133768-one-s-destination-is-never-a-place-but-a-new-way (4.04.2020).
NSA (2013), Using metadata to compile “social network diagrams” on Americans, ¸http://www.globalresearch.ca/nsa-using-metadata-to-compile-social-network-diagrams-on-americans/5352168 (1.04.2020).
Otte, E., R. Rousseau (2002), Social network analysis: a powerful strategy, also for the information sciences, “Journal of Information Science” 28(6): 441-453, http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/016555150202800601 (27.4.2020).
Rääbus, C (2017), Calls for Facebook to be more accountable for the rise in fear and hatred on social media,
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-12/rise-of-fear-and-hatred-on-facebook-and-what-should-be-done/8433352 (27.04.2020).
Radio Free Europe (2013), Iranian authorities restore blocks on Facebook, Twitter, https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-social-media-facebook-twitter/25108565.html (6.04.2020).
Slade, H. (2014), The only email system the NSA can't access, https://www.forbes.com/sites/hollieslade/2014/05/19/the-only-email-system-the-nsa-cant-access/#37f05a1c67f7 (6.04.2020).
Sorrell; M. (2012), Sir Martin Sorrell unconvinced that Facebook is a good advertising medium,
https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/jun/21/martin-sorrell-unconvinced-facebook-advertising?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+theguardian/media/rss+(Media) (6.04.2020).
Spinetti, L. (2016), 10 Essential rules for effective Facebook marketing in 2016, https://www.webhostingsecretrevealed.net/blog/socialmedia-marketing/10-essential-rules-for-effective-facebook-marketing-in-2015/ (7.04.2020).
Special reports (2017), Digital in 2017: Global overview, https://wearesocial.com/special-reports/digital-in-2017-global-overview (3.04.2020).
Taylor, Ch. (2011), Why not call it a Facebook revolution?, http://edition.cnn.com/2011/TECH/social.media/02/24/facebook.revolution/index.html (8.04.2020).
Tschabitscher, H. (2017), How many email users are there?, https://www.lifewire.com/how-many-email-users-are-there-1171213 (6.04.2020).
UN (2016), War criminals in Balkans “not heroes”, http://www.unmultimedia.org/radio/english/2016/03/war-criminals-in-balkans-not-heroes (6.04.2020).
Verisign (2017), Internet grows to 329.3 million domain name registrations in the fourth quarter of 2016, https://investor.verisign.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=1015020 (6.04.2020).
Wikipedia (2017), Google+, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%2B (6.04.2020).
W3Schools, Most popular broswers, July 2017, https://www.w3schools.com/Browsers/default.asp (2.04.2020).
WWW sites re statistics
Bankmycell, How many smartphones are in the world, https://www.bankmycell.com/blog/how-many-phones-are-in-the-world (7.04.2020).
Byers, K., How many blogs are there? (And 141 other blogging stats), https://growthbadger.com/blog-stats/ (3.04.2020).
Deyan, G. (2020), How many websites are there in 2021, https://techjury.net/blog/how-many-websites-are-there/#gref (2.04.2020).
Facebook global user age distribution, https://www.statista.com/statistics/376128/facebook-global-user-age-distribution/ (7.04.2020).
Galov, N. (2020), 101+ web hosting stats and facts to help choose a better host, https://hostingtribunal.com/blog/web-hosting-statistics/#gref (3.04.2020).
Internet Live Stats, Twitter usage statistic, https://www.internetlivestats.com/twitter-statistics/ (7.04.2020).
Internet World Stats, https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats9.htm (6.04.2020).
Internet World Stats, Internet world penetration rates by geographic regions – 2020 Q1 http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm (6.04.2020).
Moore, M. (2020), Number of internet users APAC 2020 by country or region, https://www.statista.com/statistics/265153/number-of-internet-users-in-the-asia-pacific-region/ (6.04.2020).
Number of monthly active Facebook users worldwide as of 4th quarter 2020, https://www.statista.com/statistics/264810/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide/ (06.04.2020).
Number of social network users worldwide from 2017 to 2025 (in billions), https://www.statista.com/statistics/278414/number-of-worldwide-social-network-users/ (8.04.2020).
Osman, M., Mind-blowing LinkedIn statistic and facts, https://kinsta.com/blog/linkedin-statistics/ (07.04.2020).
Reitnauer, T. (2009), How many domainsare registered in total? Statistics & numbers, part II, https://iwantmyname.com/blog/how-many-domains-are-registered-in-total (02.04.2020).
Thomala, L. L. (2020), Number of internet user in China 2015-2025, https://www.statista.com/statistics/278417/number-of-internet-users-in-china/ (6.04.2020).
WebsiteBuilder, Email marketing stats, https://websitebuilder.org/email-marketing-stats/ (6.04.2020).
Hadžialić, S. (2021). Demagogy of the media: information and/or manipulation within social media. Studia I Analizy Nauk O Polityce, (1), 9–26. https://doi.org/10.31743/sanp.12369
Sabahudin Hadžialić
sabahudin.hadzialic@uninettunouniversity.net
