“INSCRIBING” ADJUDICATING BODIES IN CASES INVOLVING INTERNATIONAL LAW OF HUMAN RIGHTS INTO THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL LAW – REFLECTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMANIZATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND INTERNATIONALIZATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that “inscribing” adjudicating bodies in cases involving international law of human rights into the universal international law is so strong, that it makes it scientifically necessary to reject assertions advocating full autonomy (independence) of judicial bodies in international law.
The above finding does not, however, constitute an end in itself. The anticipating inscription of adjudicating bodies of international law of human rights into international law will make it possible to prove the existence of the influence (impact) of humanization of international law over the international legal order. The culmination of research in this regard will involve confirmation of the research hypothesis according to which bodies adjudicating in cases involving international law of human rights contribute not only to humanization of international law, but also to far-reaching internationalization of human rights. Introduction of these categories (that is humanization of international law and internationalization of human rights) is a novum in current research addressing this subject matter and verification of the hypothesis outlines the scope of observations carried out on the basis of the analytical method and the method of interpretation of applicable law.
Keywords:
adjudicating bodies, international law of human rights, the European Court of Human Rights, humanization of international law, internationalization of human rightsReferences
Bederman D.J., The Spirit of International Law, Athens-London 2002.
Cała-Wacinkiewicz E., Fragmentacja prawa międzynarodowego, Warszawa 2019.
Cançado Trindade A.A., International Law for Humankind: Towards a New Jus Gentium. Second Revised Edition The Hague Academy of International Law Monographs, Leiden 2013.
Cançado Trindade A.A., The Construction of a Humanized International Law. A Collection of Individual Opinions (1991–2013), (preface by D. Spielmann, general introduction by A. Drzemczewski), Leiden-Boston 2014.
Caplan L.M., State Immunity, Human Rights, and Jus Cogens: A Critique of the Normative Hierarchy Theory, The American Journal of International Law 2003, t. 97, nr 4.
Charney J.I., The Impact on the International Legal System of the Growth of International Courts and Tribunals, New York University Journal of International Law and Politics 1999, t. 31, nr 4.
Czapliński W., Ius cogens and the Law of Treaties, w: The Fundamental Rules of the International Legal Order. Jus Cogens and Obligations Erga Omnes, red. Ch. Tomuschat, J.-M. Thouvenin, Leiden-Boston 2006.
Czapliński W., Wyrozumska A., Prawo międzynarodowe publiczne, wyd. 3, Warszawa 2014.
Incisa di Camerana L., Frammentazione e integrazione nel sistema internazionale, Politica Internazionale 1994, t. 22, nr 4.
Knypl Z., Ekstradycja jako instytucja prawa międzynarodowego i wewnętrznego, Warszawa 1975.
Kozłowski A., Wpływ sądownictwa międzynarodowego na rozwój prawa międzynarodowego, w: Współczesne sądownictwo międzynarodowe, t. 2: Wybrane zagadnienia prawne, red. J. Kolasa, Wrocław 2010.
Lachs M., Czy kryzys prawa międzynarodowego?, Państwo i Prawo 1992, nr 2.
Menkes J., Immunitet jurysdykcyjny organizacji międzynarodowej – immunitet jurysdykcyjny państwa: zwrot wektorów, w: Ewolucja immunitetów mających swoje źródło w prawie międzynarodowym, red. I. Skomerska-Muchowska, Łódź 2014.
Menkes J., Nauka prawa międzynarodowego wobec wyzwań ery postwestfalskiej, w: Nauka prawa międzynarodowego u progu XXI wieku. Materiały pokonferencyjne, red. E. Dynia, Rzeszów 2003.
Meron T., Human Rights and Humanitarian Norms as Customary Law, Oxford 1989.
Meron T., The Humanization of Humanitarian Law, American Journal of International Law 2000, t. 94, z. 2.
Meron T., The Humanization of International Law, Leiden-Boston 2006.
Michaels R., Pauwelyn J., Conflict of Norms or Conflict of Laws?: Different Techniques in the Fragmentation of International Law, Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law 2012, t. 22.
Mik C., Lex generalis w prawie międzynarodowym, w: Ubi Ius Ibi Remedium. Księga dedykowana pamięci Profesora Jana Kolasy, red. B. Krzan, Warszawa 2016.
Pronto A.N., ‘Human-Rightism’ and the Development of General International Law, Leiden Journal of International Law 2007 (special edition: Essays in Honour of Prof. John Dugard), t. 20, z. 4.
Rozakis Ch.Z., The Concept of Ius Cogens in the Law of Treaties, Amsterdam-New York-Oxford 1976.
Simma B., International Human Rights and General International Law: A Comparative Analysis, Collected Courses of the Academy of European Law (Yearbook) 1993, t. 4, ks. 2: The Protection of Human Rights in Europe.
Stasiak K., Trybunały umiędzynarodowione w systemie międzynarodowego sądownictwa karnego, Lublin 2012.
Stasiak K., The Position of Defence Counsel before the International Criminal Court – a Few Comments on the Lubanga Case, The Review of Comparative Law 2012, t. 17.
Stasiak K., Współpraca Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych z Prokuratorem Międzynarodowego Trybunału Karnego, w: Prawo organizacji międzynarodowych wobec problemów współczesnego świata. Księga pamiątkowa dedykowana Pani Profesor Genowefie Grabowskiej, red. B. Mikołajczyk, J. Nowakowska-Małusecka, Bydgoszcz-
Katowice 2014.
Stasiak K., Zasady dotyczące naprawienia szkody pokrzywdzonym w postępowaniu przed Międzynarodowym Trybunałem Karnym – uwagi dotyczące sprawy Thomasa Lubangi Dyilo, w: Międzynarodowe i europejskie prawo karne – osiągnięcia, kierunki rozwoju, wyzwania, red. J. Nowakowska-Małusecka, I. Topa, Katowice 2015.
Stasiak K., Wewnętrzny system sprawiedliwości ONZ i jego doświadczenia w funkcjonowaniu po reformie 2009 r., w: System Narodów Zjednoczonych z polskiej perspektywy, red. E. Cała-Wacinkiewicz, J. Menkes, J. Nowakowska-Małusecka, A. Przyborodowska-Klimczak, W.Sz. Staszewski, Warszawa 2017.
Stasiak K., Specjalny Trybunał dla Republiki Środkowoafrykańskiej – nowy typ trybunałów umiędzynarodowionych?, w: Prawo międzynarodowe – idee a rzeczywistość, red. E. Cała-Wacinkiewicz, Warszawa 2018.
The Impact of Human Rights Law on General International Law, red. M. Kamminga, M. Shenin, Oxford 2009.
Флек Д., Международное право между фрагментацией и интеграцией: вызовы для теории и практики, Российский Юридический Журнал 2011, t. 81, z. 6.
Uniwersytet Szczeciński https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-4653
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Author declares that the Work is original and does not infringe any personal or proprietary rights of third parties, and that She/He has unlimited rights to the Work which are the subject of the Agreement signed with the Publisher.
Author of the publication transfers to the Publisher the economic copyrights to the Work (article) submitted for publication, free of charge, without time and territorial restrictions in the following fields of use:
a) production, recording and reproduction of the copies of the Work by a specific technique, including printing, magnetic recording and digital technology;
b) marketing, lending or rental of the original or copies of the Work, and distribution in the form of open access, in accordance with the license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (also known as CC BY), available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.pl;
c) inclusing the Work in the composition of the collective work;
d) publishing on the website of the journal, public performance, exhibition, display, reproduction, broadcasting and rebroadcasting, and making the Work available to the public in such a way that everyone can have access to them in a place and at a time chosen by them;
e) uploading the Work in an electronic form to electronic platforms or other uploading of the Work in an electronic form to the Internet or other network.
The proprietary copyright to the Work is transferred to the Publisher free of charge upon signing the contract wit the Publisher.
