Holy women in the medieval music culture from the sources from the area of Slovakia
Eva Veselovská
Insitute of Musicology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences , Slovakiahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-9892
Abstract
Medieval chants celebrating the feasts of female saints can be divided into two major groups. The first group includes the repertoire of the mass liturgy, which, as a rule, is located in the proprium de sanctis part of the missals or graduals (or the so called sequentiale). The second, much more varied group consists of a repertoire of chants that are part of the liturgy of the hours (breviaries, antiphonaries, psalters). Ritus of Esztergom is documented by manuscripts from the late Middle Ages, especially from the 15th century, a smaller part from the 12th–14th century. The codices we have in Slovakia from the Middle Ages contain more or less Esztergom liturgical tradition, some of them show foreign influences. The central liturgy of the Esztergom rite is preserved in an extremely precise form especially in the notated manuscripts from Bratislava (Bratislava Missal I EC Lad. 3, the State Archive in Bratislava, Bratislava Antiphonaries I–IV). The Spiš codices show the Esztergom rite in a specific, regional version (Spiš Antiphonary Mss. No. 2, Spiš Graduale Mss. No. 1, Spišská Kapitula). Other Spiš manuscripts, preserved now in Budapest and Alba Julia, contain a number of specific features typical of Spiš (the library Batthyaneum Alba Julia: Breviary R. II. 46, Breviary R. III. 94, Breviary R II. 102, Diurnale R. II. 125; Budapest: Breviary 63. 74. I. C Hungarian National Museum, Breviary 63. 84. C Hungarian National Museum). Among the feasts of medieval female saints, the most prominent was the liturgical celebration of the various feasts of the Virgin Mary. Among those feasts, then, the most important feasts were Purificatio BMV (2. 2.), Annuntiatio BMV (25. 3.), Visitatio BMV (usually 2. 7.), BMV de Nive (5. 8.), Assumptio BMV (15. 8.), Nativitas BMV (8. 9.), Praesentatio BMV (21. 11.) and Conceptio BMV (8. 12). Besides them, within the Esztergom proprium de sanctis the most important are those female saints, to whom a mass form accompanied by music notation is dedicated, or those for whom a specific liturgy of the hours have been created. In the extant manuscripts from Slovakia, the most distinguished are the following female saints: St. Agnes, St. Agatha, St. Cecilia, St. Lucia, St. Margaret, St. Mary Magdalene, St. Ursula, St. Catherine, St. Dorothea, St. Anne and St. Elizabeth.
Keywords:
Middle Ages, music, female Saints, liturgy, SlovakiaReferences
Literatur
Adamko R., et aliae, Graduale Nitriense (s. XVI). Ružomberok 2016.
Adamko R., Veselovská E., Graduale Cassoviense (s. XVI in.): Liturgicko-muzikologická štúdia. Ružomberok 2016.
Analecta Hymnica Medii Aevi Vol. I–LV. Eds. Guido Maria Dreves, Henry Marriot Bannister, Clemens Blume. Leipzig 1886–1922.
Bednáriková J., Mariánske spevy na fragmentoch gregoriánskeho chorálu z územia Slovenska [Die Mariengesänge der Fragmenten des gregorianischen Chorals aus dem Gebiet der Slowakei]. In: R. Adamko (Hrsg.), O, Maria, laude digna. Ružomberok 2011, S. 45–66.
Corpus Antiphonalium Officii I–II (1971). J. R. Hesbert (Hrsg.). Berne 1971.
Czagány Z., Historia de Sancta Martha Hospita Christi redactio Bohemica. Musicological Studies Vol. LXV/9. Historiae. Ottawa 2004.
Czagány Z., Historiae in the Central European area: repertorial layers and transmission in Bohemia and Hungary. In: Historiae. Liturgical Chant for Offices of the Saints in the Middle Ages. Venezia 2021, S. 273–296.
Czagány Z., Mitteleuropäische Offizien zum Fest Beatae Mariae Virginis de Nive. De musica disserenda, 2013/ IX, Nr. 1–2, S. 223–240.
Dercényi D., L’église de Pribina a Zalavár. In: Études slaves et roumaines I. Budapest 1948, S. 195.
Dobszay L., Introduction. In: L. Dobszay, J. Szendrei (Hrsg.), Monumenta Monodica Medii Aevii Vol. 5/ 1–3. Antiphonen. Kasel–Basel 1999, S. 13–34.
Graduale sacrosanctae Romanae ecclesiae de tempore et de sanctis. Parisii–Romae 1938.
Györffy G., König Stephan der heilige. Budapest 1988.
Hughes A., Late Medieval Liturgical Offices. Resources for Electronic Research. Vol. 1. Text. Subsidia Mediaevalia 23. Toronto–Ontario 1994.
Kniewald K., Hahóti kódex. Magyar Könyvszemle, 62, 1938, S. 97–112.
Kniewald K., Hartwich györi püspök Agenda pondificalis. Magyar Könyvszemle, 65, 1941, S. 103.
Kniewald, K., Esztergomi benedictionale. Magyar Könyvszemle, 65, 1941, S. 213–231.
Kovács A., Corpus Antiphonalium Officii – Ecclesiarum Centralis Europae V/B Strigonium (Sanctorale). Budapest 2006.
Kovács A., Monuments of Medieval Liturgical Poetry in Hungary. Sequences – Critical Edition of Melodies. Musica Sacra Hungarica. Budapest 2017.
Kovács, A., Corpus Antiphonalium Officii – Ecclesiarum Centralis Europae V/A Strigonium (Temporale). Budapest 2004.
Liber Ordinarius Agriensis (1509), L. Dobszay (Hrsg.), Musicalia Danubiana Subsidia 1. Budapest 2000.
Lindboe I. M., Women in the New Testament. Oslo 1990.
Marsina R., Kristianizácia Maďarov a Uhorska medzi Východom a Západom [Die Christianisierung der Magyaren und Ungarns zwischen Ost und West]. Historický časopis 40/4, 1992, S. 409–421.
Marsina R., Nitrianske biskupstvo a jeho biskupi od 9. do polovice 13. storočia [Das Bistum Nitra und seine Bischöfe vom 9. bis zur Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts]. Historický časopis 41/5–6, 1993, S. 529–542.
Melodiarum Hungariae Medii Aevi I. Hymny et sequentiae, B. Rajeczky (Hrsg.). Budapest 1956.
Missale Notatum Strigoniense ante 1341 in Posonio. J. Szendrei, R. Rybarič (Hrsg.), Musicalia Danubiana 1. Budapest 1982.
Monumenta Monodica Medii Aevii Vol. 5/ 1–3. Antiphonen. L. Dobszay, J. Szendrei (Hrsg.). Kasel–Basel 1999.
Múcska V., Osobitosti uhorského liturgického kalendára v 11. storočí [Besonderheiten des ungarischen liturgischen Kalenders im 11. Jahrhundert]. In: R. Marsina (Hrsg.), Nitra slovenských dejinách. Martin 2002, S. 181–189.
Nemeš J., Kodex von Neutra, Geistige Erbschaft der italienisch-griechischen Mönche und ihrer Nachfolger von Aachen. Győr 2007.
Nemeš J., Nitriansky kódex a jeho posolstvo. Aachen. Óbuda. Nitra [Kodex von Neutra, Geistige Erbschaft. Aachen, Óbuda, Neutra]. Prešov 2006.
Nitriansky kódex, J. Sopko, J. Valach (Hrsg.). Martin 1987.
Ratkoš P., Pramene k dejinám Veľkej Moravy [Quellen zur Geschichte Groβmährens]. Bratislava 1968.
Rybarič R., Hudobnokultúrna problematika Veľkej Moravy [Musikkulturelle Problematik Großmährens], Hudobný archív 4, 1981, S. 9–50.
Špirko J., Cirkevné dejiny I.[Kirchengeschichte I.] Turčiansky sv. Martin 1943.
Spišský graduál Juraja z Kežmarku (1426), A. Akimjak, R. Adamko, J. Bednáriková (Hrsg.). Ružomberok 2006.
Szántó K., A katolikus egyház története I. Budapest 1983.
The Istanbul Antiphonal (about 1360), J. Szendrei (Hrsg.). Musicalia Danubiana 18. Budapest 2002.
Veselovská E., Pramene stredovekej hudobnej kultúry z Nitry [Quellen zur mittelalterlichen Musikkultur in Nitra]. In: M. Kohútová, E. Frimmová (Hrsg.), Ideové prvky národného príbehu v dlhom 19. Storočí, Bratislava 2014, S. 153–163.
Veselovská E., Adamko R., Bednáriková J., Stredoveké pramene cirkevnej hudby na Slovensku. Bratislava 2017.
Veselovská E., Stredoveké mariánske ofíciá bratislavských antifonárov [Mittelalterliche Marienoffizien der Pressburger Antiphonarien]. In: R. Adamko (Hrsg.), O Maria, laude digna. Ružomberok 2011, S. 67–89.
Veselovská, E., Svätice v stredovekej hudobnej kultúre z prameňov z územia Slovenska. In: H. Urbancová (Hrsg.), Žena v tradičnej hudobnej kultúre. Studia Ethnomusicologica V. Bratislava 2019, S. 103–156.
Zahradníková Z., Uhorské sekvencie o Panne Márii v kontexte stredovekej mariánskej úcty. Roczniki Teologiczne. Tom LXV. Zeszyt 13/ 2018, S. 81–94. (Crossref)
Corpus Antiphonalium Officii – Konkordanzen:
C Paris Bibliothèque nationale de France lat. 17436 (Compiègne – 9. Jh.)
G Durham Cathedral Library B. III. 11 (Frankreich – 11. Jh.)
B Bamberg Staatsbibliothek lit. 23 (Bamberg – 11./12. Jh.)
E Ivrea Biblioteca Capitolare 106 (Ivrea –11. Jh.)
M Monza Basilica di S. Giovanni Battista – Biblioteca Capitolare e Tesoro
C. 12/75 (Monza – 11. Jh.)
V Verona Biblioteca Capitolare XCVIII (Verona – 11. Jh.)
H St. Gallen Stiftsbibliothek 390 – 391 (Hartker Antiphonarium, um 1000)
R Zürich Zentralbibliothek Rh 28 (Rheinau – 13. Jh.)
D Paris Bibliothèque nationale de France lat. 17296 (St-Denis – 12. Jh.)
F Paris Bibliothèque nationale de France lat. 12584
(St-Maur-les-Fossés – 12. Jh.)
S London The British Library Add. 30850 (San Domingo de Silos – 11. Jh.)
L Benevento Biblioteca Capitolare V. 21 (San Lupo Benevento – 12. Jh.)
Corpus Antiphonalium Officii – Ecclesiarum Centralis Europae – Konkordanzen:
Str-2 Bratislavský antifonár IV / Antiphonarium 15/1, Bratislava, Slovenský národný archív SNA 2.
Str-3 Bratislavský antifonár I / Antiphonarium 15/in, Bratislava, Štátny archív Bratislava EC Lad. 3.
Str-4 Bratislavský antifonár IIb / Antiphonarium 15/2, Bratislava, Slovenský národný archív, Sign. SNA 4.
Str-5 Bratislavský antifonár IIa / Antiphonarium 1487, Bratislava, Štátny archív Bratislava EC Lad. 4.
Str-7 Breviarium Notatum 13/ex, Praha, Knihovna Strahovnského kláštera, Bibliotheca Strahoviensis, DE. I. 7.
Str-11 Breviarium 15, Salzburg, Bundesstaatliche Studienbibliothek, M.11.II.V.1.E.60.
Str-67 Breviarium 13, Záhreb, Metropolitanska Knjiznica (Bibl. Univ.), MR 67.
Str-110 Breviarium 15, Alba Julia, Bibliotheca Batthyáneum, R. I. 110.
Str-132 Breviarium 15, Budapest, OSzK National Széchényi Library, Clmae 132.
Str-1481 Breviarium 15, Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vindob. Palat. 1481. 40420, 41470–41700, 41870–42030, 42140–42340, 42370–42630, 42780–42810.
Str-1812 Breviarium 15, Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vindob. Palat. 1812.
Str-1829 Breviarium 15, Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vindob. Palat. 1829
Str-8879 Breviarium 1480, Paris, BN Bibliothèque Nationale, Ms. Lat. 8879.
Str-I3-1 Antiphonarium 15, Esztergom, Főszékesegyházi Könyvtár, Mss. I. 3.
Str-I3-2 Antiphonarium 15, Esztergom, Főszékesegyházi Könyvtár, Mss. I. 3.
Str-Ist Antiphonarium cca 1360, Istanbul, Topkap Seray, Deismann 42.
Str-MAG Breviarium 15, New York, Pierpont Morgan Library, M.A.G.7.
Paul-28 Breviarium 15, Güssing, Franciscan Library, 1/28. (Crossref)
Paul-439 Diurnale 15, Göttweig, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. 439 (229).
Paul-8 Antiphonarium 15/ex, Záhreb, Metropolitanska Knjiznica (Bibl. Univ.), MR 8.
Paul-93 Vesperale 16, Sopron, Municipal Archives, s.n.
CzęstPaul 578 Breviarium eremitarum s. Pauli, 1450. Biblioteka Klasztoru Jasnogórsiego Częstochowa.
CzęstPaul 617 Breviarium eremitarum s. Pauli, 1428. Biblioteka Klasztoru Jasnogórsiego Częstochowa.
Sc-2 Antiphonarium 15, Spišská Kapitula, Ms. Mus. 2.
Sc-46 Breviarium 14, Alba Julia, Bibliotheca Batthyáneum, R. II. 46.
Sc-94 Breviarium 14-15, Alba Julia, Bibliotheca Batthyáneum, R. III. 94.
Sc-102 Breviarium 15, Alba Julia, Bibliotheca Batthyáneum, R. II. 102.
Sc-125 Diurnale 15/2, Alba Julia, Bibliotheca Batthyáneum, R. II. 125.
Sc-6374 Breviarium 15, Budapest, Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, 63. 74. 1. C.
Sc-6384 Breviarium 15, Budapest, Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, 63. 84. C.
Str-1484 Breviarium Strigoniense (impressum), Nürnberg, 1484. Gesamtkatalog der Wiegedrücke. Band V. Leipzig, 1932: Nr. 5469.
Paul-812a Breviarium Ordinis Fratrum Heremitarum Sancti Pauli primi heremitae (impressum), Basel, 1475–1491. Lacunae: 360–750, 41450–41660, 41680–41700, 41870–42030, 42140–42160.
Paul-812a Breviarium Ordinis Fratrum Heremitarum Sancti Pauli primi heremitae. (impressum), Basel, 1486–1491.
Paul-1540 Breviarium Ordinis Fratrum Heremitarum Sancti Pauli primi heremitae. (impressum), Venetiis, 1540.
Links
Insitute of Musicology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-9892
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
