Economic Freedom, Economic Nationalism and Economic Patriotism in the 21st Century - Comparative Analysis and Implications for Economic Growth
Piotr Misztal
Uniwersytet Radomski im. Kazimierza Pułaskiego , Polandhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-3439
Abstract
The article aims to provide a comparative analysis of economic freedom, economic nationalism and economic patriotism in the context of contemporary global challenges, as well as to assess their impact on economic growth. The growing relevance of these phenomena stems from recent crises, the COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain disruptions, and the war in Ukraine, which have highlighted the need to safeguard national interests and strengthen economic resilience. The paper outlines key deifferences between the two approaches: economic nationalism is rooted in protectionism and state inteventionism, whereas economic patriotism emphasizes voluntary and moderate support for domestic production while maintaining opennes to international cooperation. An empirical analysis of 38 OECD countries, based on the Index of Economic Freedom, FDI restrictiveness and the share of public procurement in GDP, confirms that economic freedom has a statistically significant positive effect od GDP per capita, while economic nationalism correlates negatively with income levels. Economic patriotism, in turn, shows a weaker but moderately positive effect. The findings suggest that the most effective long-term strategy is intelligent economic patriotism, which combines the protection of national interests with opennes to globalization processes.
Keywords:
economic nationalism, economic patriotism, economic freedom, globalization, economic growthReferences
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Uniwersytet Radomski im. Kazimierza Pułaskiego https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-3439
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
