THE PROCESS OF REALIZATION OF THE REFORM OF THE ITALIAN SYSTEM OF REMUNERATION OF THE CLERGY ACCORDING TO THE CONCORDAT OF 1984
Ks. Piotr Stanisz
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II , Polandhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-8513
Abstract
The present Italian system of the remuneration of the Catholic clergy, which is the consequence of the reform initiated by the 1984 Agreement modifying the Lateran Concordat, constitutes one of the most important attempts to implement Can. 1274 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law of 1983. However, not only the solutions of which it consists, but also the procedure of elaborating and enacting these solutions – which is the subject of the present study – deserve careful attention. The process of the realisation of the reform under discussion appears to be an inspiring example of loyal and effective collaboration between the State and Church authorities in establishing norms that are valid in both legal orders, while expressly appreciating the role of the national Bishops’ Conference. What is especially noteworthy on the part of the Church are the procedural decisions that result from seeking balance between the due respect for the rights of individual diocesan bishops and the Plenary Assembly of the Bishops’ Conference on the one hand, and the need to act efficiently on the other (sometimes according to the rules established at hoc, with no apparent basis in the norms of the Code of Canon Law). The open explanation of the decisions made by the Church authorities to all interested subjects played an important role as well. The conducted analyses lead to the conclusion that all the factors mentioned above were adequately balanced. As a consequence, the solutions used in Italy can constitute a useful point of reference for similar processes undertaken in other countries.
Keywords:
remuneration of the clergy, Church financing, Italian Concordat of 1984, Bishops’ ConferenceReferences
Berlingò S., Fonti del diritto ecclesiastico, w: S. Berlingò, G. Casuscelli, S. Domianello, Le fonti e i principi del diritto ecclesiastico, Torino 2000.
Consorti P., La remunerazione del clero. Dal sistema beneficiale agli istituti per il sostentamento, Torino 2000.
Dalla Torre G., I tempi e le fasi di una lunga trattativa, w: I nuovi accordi concordatari tra Chiesa e Stato in Italia, Bologna-Roma 1985.
Dalla Torre G., La revisione del Concordato lateranense. Una vicenda lunga quarant’anni, Iustitia 2004, nr 2–3.
Feliciani G., Gli Istituti per il sostentamento del clero nella nuova normativa della CEI, Aggiornamenti Sociali 1985, nr 11.
Feliciani G., Il nuovo sistema di sostentamento del clero. Profili canonistici della legge 20.5.1985, n. 222, Aggiornamenti Sociali 1990, nr 1.
Feliciani G., Finansowanie instytucji kościelnych i utrzymanie duchowieństwa. Doświadczenia włoskie, w: Systemy finansowania instytucji kościelnych w Europie. Materiały Międzynarodowej Konferencji. Sandomierz 13–14 września 1999 r., red. J. Krukowski, Lublin 2000.
Feliciani G., L’Applicazione della legge 20 maggio 1985, n. 222. Gli esiti di una ricerca, Diritto Ecclesiastico 2006, cz. 1, z. 3–4.
Feliciani G., Introduzione, w: Enti di culto e finanziamento delle confessioni religiose. L’esperienza di un ventennio (1985–2005), red. I. Bolgiani, Bologna 2007.
Feliciani G., 30 lat dobra wspólnego. Referat wygłoszony na Krajowym Sympozjum Delegatów Diecezjalnych „Sovvenire” nt. Partecipazione e corresponsabilità dei fedeli a sostegno di una Chiesa in uscita, Venezia Mestre, 7–9 maja 2018 r., Studia z Prawa Wyznaniowego 2018, t. 21.
Ferrari S., Państwo i Kościół we Włoszech, w: Państwo i Kościół w krajach Unii Europejskiej, red. G. Robbers, tłum. J. Łopatowska-Rynkowska, M. Rynkowski, Wrocław 2007.
Finocchiaro F., Diritto ecclesiastico, Bologna 2015.
Fiorita N., Remunerazione e previdenza dei ministri di culto, Milano 2003.
Floris P., La remunerazione del clero, w: Enti di culto e finanziamento delle confessioni religiose. L’esperienza di un ventennio (1985–2005), red. I. Bolgiani, Bologna 2007.
Kaleta P., Prawne aspekty zarządzania dobrami kościelnymi, Lublin 2017.
Kantor R., Odpowiednie wynagrodzenie duchownych w Kodeksie Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r. Analiza kan. 281 § 1, Prawo Kanoniczne 2011, nr 3–4.
Krukowski J., Święci szafarze, czyli duchowni, w: Komentarz do Kodeksu Prawa Kanonicznego, red. J. Krukowski, t. 2/1, Poznań 2005.
Lewandowski P., Troska biskupa diecezjalnego o godziwe utrzymanie duchownych, Kościół i Prawo 2016, nr 1.
Lewandowski P., The fund for the suport of the clergy according to the 1983 Code of Canon Law, Biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Kanonistów Polskich 2019, nr 32.
Lynch J.E., The obligations and rights of clerics, w: New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law, red. J. P. Beal, J. A. Coriden, T. J. Green, New York, N.Y.-Mahwah, N.J. 2000.
Marcuzzi G., Il sostentamento del clero nella normativa codiciale latina, w: Il sostentamento del clero. Nella legislazione canonica e concordataria italiana, Città del Vaticano 1993.
Margiotta Broglio F., Riforma della legislazione concordataria sugli enti e sul patrimonio ecclesiastico: i «principi» della Commissione paritetica Italia – S. Sede, Foro Italiano 1984, cz. 5.
Margiotta Broglio F., Il negoziato per la riforma del Concordato tra Governo e Parlamento, w: Concordato e Costituzione. Gli accordi del 1984 tra Italia e Santa Sede, red. S. Ferrari, Bologna 1985.
Misztal H., Stanisz P., Włoski model finansowania związków wyznaniowych, w: Pro bono Reipublicae. Księga Jubileuszowa Profesora Michała Pietrzaka, red. P. Borecki, A. Czohara, T.J. Zieliński, Warszawa 2009.
Redaelli C., Il concreto funzionamento del sistema di sostentamento del clero in Italia, Quaderni di Diritto Ecclesiale 1989, nr 1.
Sobczyk P., Konstytucyjna zasada konsensualnego określania stosunków między Rzecząpospolitą Polską a Kościołem katolickim, Warszawa 2013.
Stanisz P., Porozumienia w sprawie regulacji stosunków między państwem i niekatolickimi związkami wyznaniowymi we włoskim porządku prawnym, Lublin 2007.
Stanisz P., Perspektywy zmiany systemu finansowania kościołów i innych związków wyznaniowych w Polsce, Studia z Prawa Wyznaniowego 2009, t. 12.
Stanisz P., Sprawy majątkowe jako element stosunków między państwem a związkami wyznaniowymi, w: Finansowanie kościołów i innych związków wyznaniowych, red. P. Sobczyk, K. Warchałowski, Warszawa 2013.
Stanisz P., Konkordatowa reforma systemu finansowania Kościoła we Włoszech, Premislia Christiana 2014/2015, t. 16.
Vegas G., L’otto per mille a vent’anni dalla revisione del Concordato lateranense, Quaderni di Diritto e Politica Ecclesiastica 2004, nr 1.
Ventura M., Religion and Law in Italy, Alphen aan den Rijn 2013.
Walencik D., Finansowanie Kościoła katolickiego w Polsce w świetle art. 22 i 27 konkordatu oraz prac komisji konkordatowych – perspektywa zmian, w: Konkordat: ocena z perspektywy 15 lat obowiązywania, Kraków 2014.
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-8513
License
The Author declares that the Work is original and does not infringe any personal or proprietary rights of third parties, and that She/He has unlimited rights to the Work which are the subject of the Agreement signed with the Publisher.
Author of the publication transfers to the Publisher the economic copyrights to the Work (article) submitted for publication, free of charge, without time and territorial restrictions in the following fields of use:
a) production, recording and reproduction of the copies of the Work by a specific technique, including printing, magnetic recording and digital technology;
b) marketing, lending or rental of the original or copies of the Work, and distribution in the form of open access, in accordance with the license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (also known as CC BY), available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.pl;
c) inclusing the Work in the composition of the collective work;
d) publishing on the website of the journal, public performance, exhibition, display, reproduction, broadcasting and rebroadcasting, and making the Work available to the public in such a way that everyone can have access to them in a place and at a time chosen by them;
e) uploading the Work in an electronic form to electronic platforms or other uploading of the Work in an electronic form to the Internet or other network.
The proprietary copyright to the Work is transferred to the Publisher free of charge upon signing the contract wit the Publisher.
