How Negative Is the Theology of Dionysius the Areopagite?

Mark Edwards

University of Oxford , United Kingdom
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-1958


Abstract

This paper considers three recent studies on the negative theology of the Neoplatonists and Dionysius the Areopagite. The first is that of Lloyd Gerson, who argues that the One in Plotinus does not lack transcend existence but only definite existence; the second is the contrary thesis of Eric D. Perl that not only the One of Plotinus but the God of Dionysius transcend all being in such a way that they cannot be credited with existence. After some criticism of both the paper turns to the argument of Timothy D. Knepper that even the ineffability of the divine cannot be stated on our present plane of knowledge; it concludes with some reflections on the appeal to present or future experience as alternatives to epistemology as this is commonly understood in the analytical tradition of philosophy.

Keywords:

apophaticism, negative theology, mysticism, Dionysius the Areopagite, Neoplatoinism

Armstrong, A.H., “The Background of the Doctrine ‘That the Intelligibles are not Outside the Intellect,’” Les Sources de Plotin (Entretiens sur l’Antiquité Classique 5; Geneva: Fondation Hardt 1957) 391–425.

von Balthasar, H.U., Presence and Thought. An Essay on the Religious Philosophy of Gregory of Nyssa (trans. M. Sebanc; San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press 1995).

Bréhier, É., The Philosophy of Plotinus (Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press 1958).

Corsini, E., Il trattato De Divinis Nominibus dello Pseudo-Dionigi e i commenti neopltoniche al Parmenide (Torino: Giappichelli 1962).

Dancy, R.M., “The Limits of Being in the Philebus,” Apeiron 40 (2007) 35–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/APEIRON.2007.40.1.35. (Crossref)

Dillon, J.M. (trans.), Alcinous. The Handbook of Platonism (Oxford: Clarendon 1993).

Dillon, J.M. (trans.), Dexippus. On Aristotle’s Categories (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press 1990).

Dillon, J.M. – Tolan, D.J., “The Ideas as Thoughts of God,” Christian Platonism (eds. A.J.B. Hampton – J.P. Kenney; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2021) 34–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108590341.003. (Crossref)

Dionysius, Corpus Dionysiacum (ed. B. Suchla; Berlin: De Gruyter 1990) I.

Dionysius, Corpus Dionysiacum (eds. G. Heil – A.M. Ritter; Berlin: De Gruyter 1991) II.

Dodds, E.R., “The Parmenides of Plato and the Origin of the Neoplatonic ‘One,’” Classical Quarterly 22 (1928) 129–142. (Crossref)

Eckhart, Commentary on Exodus, in McGinn, B. – Tobin, F.J. – Borgstädt, E., Meister Eckhart. Teacher and Preacher (Classics of Western Spirituality; New York: Paulist Press 1986).

Eckhart, Selected Writings (trans. O. Davies; London: Penguin 1994).

Edwards, M.J., “Dionysius the Areopagite,” The Routledge Handbook of Early Christian Philosophy (ed. M.J. Edwards; London: Routledge 2021) 609–619. (Crossref)

Edwards, M.J., “Plotinus: Monist, Theist or Atheist?,” Christian Mysticism and Incarnational Theology (eds. L. Nelstrop – S.D. Podmore; London: Routledge 2013) 13–28.

Edwards, M.J., “Three Theologians: Dean Inge, Vladimir Lossky, and Hans Urs von Balthasar,” Handbook of Dionysius the Areopagite (eds. M.J. Edwards – D. Pallis – G. Steiris; Oxford: Oxford University Press 2022) 586–605. (Crossref)

Ferrari, F., “Numenios von Apamea,” in C. Riedweg – C. Horn – D. Wyrwa (eds.), Philosophie der Kaizerzeit under Spätabtike (Die Philosophie der Antike 5/1; Basel: Schwabe 2018) 649–659.

Festugière, A.-J., La Révélation d’Hermès Trismégiste. IV. Dieu Inconnu et la Gnose (Paris: Belles Lettres 1983).

Frede, M., “Monotheism and Pagan Philosophy in Late Antiquity,” Pagan Monotheism in Late Antiquity (eds. P. Athanassiadi – M. Frede; Oxford: Clarendon 1999) 41–68.

Gallus, Thomas, Commentaire du Cantique des Cantiques (ed. J. Barbet; Paris: Vrin 1967).

Gerson, J., Sur la théologie mystique (ed. M. Vial; Paris: Vrin 2008).

Gerson, L.P., “From Plato’s Good to Platonic God,” International Journal of the Platonic Tradition 2 (2008) 93–112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/187254708X335746. (Crossref)

Gerson, L.P., “Plato’s Metaphysics: Emanation or Creation?,” Review of Metaphysics 46 (1993) 559–574.

Gerson, L.P., Plotinus (London: Routledge 1994)

Graham, D.W., (ed., trans.), The Texts of Early Greek Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2010).

Gregorius Nyssenus, Ad Ablabium, Quod non sint tres dei, in Gregorio Di Nissa, Opere Dogmatiche (ed. C. Moreschini; Milano: Bompiani 2014).

Gregorius Nyssenus, Contra Eunomium libri (ed. W. Jaeger; Gregorii Nysseni Opera 1–2; Leiden: Brill 1960) I–II.

Gregorius Nyssenus, In Canticum canticorum, in V. Limone – C. Moreschini (eds., trans.), Origene e Gregorio di Nissa, sul Cantico dei Cantici (Milan: Bompiani 2016).

Hägg, H.F., Clement of Alexandria and the Beginnings of Christian Apophaticism (Oxford: Clarendon Press 2006). (Crossref)

Hainthaler, T. et al., Christ in the Christian Tradition. II/3. The Churches of Antioch and Jerusalem from 451 to 600 (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2014).

Hick, J., “Theology and Verification,” Theology Today 17 (1960) 12–31. (Crossref)

Hippolytus, Refutatio omnium haeresium, in Hippolytus, Refutation of all Heresies (ed., trans. D. Litwa; Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature 2016).

Inge, W.R., Christian Mysticism (London: Methuen 1899).

Kahn, C.H., “Why Existence Does Not Emerged as a Distinct Concept in Greek Philosophy,” C.H. Kahn, Essays on Being (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2009) 62–74.

Kant, I., Kritik der praktischen Vernunft (Riga: Hartknoch 1788).

Knepper, T.D., “Techniques and Rules of Ineffability in the Dionysian Corpus,” Studia Humana 3 (2014) 3–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sh-2014-0006. (Crossref)

Krämer, H.J., “Plato’s Unwritten Doctrines,” The Other Plato. The Tübingen Interpretation of Plato’s Inner-Academic Teachings (ed. D. Nikulin; Albany, NY: SUNY Press 2012) 65–83.

Krausmüller, D., “Theology and Philosophy in the Late Patristic Discourse: Pure Existence, Qualified Existence, and the Arbor Porphyriana,” Eastern Christianity and Late Antique Philosophy (eds. E. Anagnostou-Laoutides – K. Parry; Leiden: Brill 2022) 150–173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004429567. (Crossref)

Limone, V., “The Desire in Origen and Gregory of Nyssa,” Desire and Human Flourishing (ed. M. Bosch; New York: Springer 2020) 229–241. (Crossref)

Louth, A., Denys the Areopagite (London: Continuum 2002).

Männlein-Robert, I., “Longinos und Amelios,” Philosophie der Kaizerzeit und der Spätantiker (eds. C. Riedweg – C. Horn – D. Wyrwa; Die Philosophie der Antike 5/2; Basel: Schwabe 2018) 1311–1322.

McInroy, M.J., “Origen of Alexandria,” The Spiritual Senses (eds. P.L. Gavrilyuk – S. Coakley; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2014) 20–35. (Crossref)

Morrow, G. – Dillon, J.M. (trans.), Proclus’ Commentary on Plato’s Parmenides (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 1987).

Nygren, A., Agape and Eros (trans. P.S. Watson; London: SPCK 1939) II/2.

Origenes, Commentarius in Canticum, in V. Limone – C. Moreschini (eds., trans.), Origene e Gregorio di Nissa, sul Cantico dei Cantici (Milan: Bompiani 2016).

Origenes, Contra Celsum, in Origen, Gegen Celsus (ed. P. Koetschau; Leipzig: Hinrichs 1899).

Origenes, De principiis, in Origen, First Principles (ed., trans. J. Behr; Oxford: Oxford University Press 2018).

Palmer, J.A., Plato’s Reception of Parmenides (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1999).

Pattison, G., God and Being (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2011). (Crossref)

Pedro Mesquita, A., “Plato’s Eleaticism in the Sophist: the Doctrine of Non-Being,” Plato’s “Sophist” Revisited (eds. B. Bossi – T.M. Robinson; Berlin: De Gruyter 2013) 175–186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110287134.175. (Crossref)

Perczel, I., “Notes on the Earliest Greco-Syriac reception of the Dionysian Corpus,” Handbook of Dionysius the Areopagite (eds. M.J. Edwards – D. Pallis – G. Steiris; Oxford: Oxford University Press 2022) 172–204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198810797.013.12. (Crossref)

Perl, E.D., Theophany. The Neoplatonic Philosophy of Dionysius the Areopagite (New York: SUNY Press 2007). (Crossref)

Plato, Parmenides, in Plato, Cratylus. Parmenides. Greater Hippias. Lesser Hippias (trans. H.N. Fowler; Loeb Classical Library 167; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1926) 193–333. (Crossref)

Plato, Respublica, in Plato, Republic. I. Books 1–5. II. Books 6–10 (eds., trans. C. Emlyn-Jones – W. Preddy; Loeb Classical Library 237, 276; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 2013). (Crossref)

Plato, Sophista, in Plato, Theaetetus. Sophist (trans. H. North Fowler; Loeb Classical Library 123; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1921) 259–459. (Crossref)

Plato, Timaeus, in Plato, Timaeus. Critias. Cleitophon. Menexenus. Epistles (trans. R.G. Bury; Loeb Classical Library 234; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1929) 1–253. (Crossref)

Plotinus, Enneades, in Plotinus, Enneads (trans. A.H. Armstrong; Loeb Classical Library 440–445, 468; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1969–1988) I–VII.

Plotinus. The Enneads (trans. S. Mackenna; London: Faber 1917; revised by B.S. Page; London: Faber 1957).

Porphyrius, Vita Plotini, in Plotinus. I. Porphyry on the Life of Plotinus. Ennead I (trans. A.H. Armstrong; Loeb Classical Library 440; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1969) 1–89.

Proclus, In Platonis Alcibiadem primum, in Proclus, Sur le Premier Alcibiade de Platon (ed. A.P. Segonds; Paris: Belles Lettres 1986) I.

Proclus, In Platonis Timaeum Commentaria (ed. E. Diehl; Leipzig: Teubner 1903–1906) I–III.

Proclus, Theologia platonica, in Proclus, Théologie Platonicienne (eds. H.-D. Saffrey – L.G. Westerink; Paris: Belles Lettres 1974) II.

Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita, De mystica theologia, in Pseudo-Dionysius. The Complete Works (trans. C. Luibheid; New York: Paulist Press 1987) 133–142.

Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita, Epistola 4, in Patrologiae cursus completus. Series Graeca (eds. J.P. Migne; Paris: Migne 1857) 3, 1071–1072.

Radde-Gallwitz, A., Gregory of Nyssa’s Doctrinal Works. A Literary Study (Oxford Early Christian Studies; Oxford: Oxford University Press 2018). (Crossref)

Rist, J.M., “A Note on Eros and Agape in Pseudo-Dionysius,” Vigiliae Christianae 20 (1966) 235–243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1581924. (Crossref)

Rist, J.M., “Theos and the One in some Texts of Plotinus,” Medieval Studies 24 (1962) 169–180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1484/J.MS.2.306785. (Crossref)

Rorem, P. – Lamoureaux, J.C., John of Scythopolis and the Dionysian Corpus. Annotating the Areopagite (Oxford: Clarendon 1998). (Crossref)

Sinari, R., “The Experience of Nothingness in Buddhism and Existentialism,” Contemporary Indian Philosophy. Series Two (ed. M. Chatterjee; London: Allen & Unwin 1974) 273–293.

de Vogel, C., “La théorie de l’ΑΠΕΙΡΟΝ chez Platon et chez la tradition platonicienne,” C. de Vogel, Philosophia (Assen: Van Gorcum 1970) I.

Whittaker, J., “Neopythagoreanism and Negative Theology,” Symbolae Osloenses 44 (1969) 109–125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00397676908590612. (Crossref)

Whittaker, J., “ΕΠΕΚΕΙΝΑ ΝΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΟΥΣΙΑΣ,” Vigiliae Christianae 23 (1969) 91–104. (Crossref)

Download

Published
2023-10-03


Edwards, M. (2023). How Negative Is the Theology of Dionysius the Areopagite?. Verbum Vitae, 41(3), 601–621. https://doi.org/10.31743/vv.16235

Mark Edwards  mark.edwards@chch.ox.ac.uk
University of Oxford

Mark Edwards has been Tutor in Theology at Christ Church Oxford, and Lecturer in Patristics in the Faculty of Theology and Religion at the University of Oxford  since 1993. Since 2014 he has held the title Professor of Early Christian Studies.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-1958



License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

The author(s) grant (s) to the Licensee a non-exclusive and royalty-free license in accordance with the provisions of the Appendix: LICENSE TO USE THE WORK