CULTURE AND KNOWLEDGE
Tomasz Duma
Abstract
The article deals with the problem of relation between culture and cognition. The author presents the most important manifestations of the crisis of contemporary culture, counting among them the technicization of life, the depersonalization of man and the relativization of value. The main cause of such situation sees in the separateness of culture from nature, and especially from human being’s natural dispositions, among them the principal place has the mind. It concerns first of all the autonomization of culture in respect to cognition, which in recent times significantly has been undergo to relativism, so that the only sphere available to man’s cognition remained his own creativeness. The consequence of it is a closing up of the mind in itself, convicting the culture to exhaustion. As a reason of the culture’s autonomization in relation to cognition author points out the loss of three basic aspects of knowledge, distinguished already by Aristotle – theoretical, practical, and pojetical. A return to this distinction regards as necessary condition to restore the rationality both alone cognition and culture as well. Analysing various aspects of knowledge shows that theoretical cognition is a real basis of all rational human activity, without which any culture cannot arise. In the practical cognition whereas emphasizes an assignment of human action to good, which is its one and ultimate motive, whereof implies that culture-creative are first of all those activities that are motivated by real and not by seeming good. He also notes that pojetical knowledge cannot be reduced to a freely realization of human imagination or creative powers of man, because it is the result of theoretical and practical cognition, expressing in perfecting of the world of nature by imposing upon it the laws of spirit. In the light of what has been said the fundamental purpose of the created by man culture is perfecting of himself in the above-mentioned aspects.
Keywords:
good, culture, nature, science, morality, knowledge, truth, artReferences
Cassirer E., Logika nauk o kulturze, tłum. P. Parszutowicz, Kęty 2011.
Dewey J. [et. al], Creative Intelligence. Essays in Pragmatic Attitude, New York 1917.
Gilson É., Vademecum początkującego realisty, w: tenże, Realizm tomistyczny (oprac. zbiorowe), Warszawa 1968, s. 52–59.
Kiereś H., Człowiek i cywilizacja, Lublin 2007.
Kiereś H., Sztuka wobec natury, Lublin 2001.
Krąpiec M.A., Człowiek – kultura – uniwersytet, wyd. 2, Lublin 1998.
Krąpiec M.A., Człowiek i kultura, Lublin 2008.
Krąpiec M.A., Człowiek jako osoba, Lublin 2005.
Krąpiec M.A., Kim jest człowiek, w: tenże [i in.], Wprowadzenie do filozofii, Lublin 1996, s. 269–334. Krąpiec M.A., Metafizyka, wyd. 4, Lublin 1985.
Krąpiec M.A., Realizm ludzkiego poznania, wyd. 2 popr., Lublin 1995.
Krąpiec M.A., Transcendentalia i uniwersalia, w: Tomasz z Akwinu, Dysputy problemowe o prawdzie, tłum. A. Białek, tekst sprawdzili i popr. M.A. Krąpiec, A. Maryniarczyk, Lublin 1999, s. 141–165. Krąpiec M.A., Maryniarczyk A., Byt, w: Powszechna encyklopedia filozofii, red. nacz. A. Maryniarczyk, t. 1, Lublin 2000, s. 746–785.
Löwith K., Historia powszechna i dzieje zbawienia. Teologiczne przesłanki filozofii dziejów, tłum. J. Marzęcki, Kęty 2002.
Maryniarczyk A., Byt a dobro, w: Spór o dobro, red. A. Maryniarczyk, K. Stępień, P. Gondek, Lublin 2012, s. 33–51.
Mead G.H., The Social Foundations and Functions of Thought and Communication, w: tenże, Mind Self and Society from the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist, Chicago 1934, ed. by Ch.W. Morris, s. 253–260.
Ratzinger J., Wprowadzenie w chrześcijaństwo, tłum. Z. Włodkowa, wyd. 4, Kraków 2012. Rorty R., Filozofia jako polityka kulturalna, tłum. B. Baran, Warszawa 2009.
Thomae Aquinatis, Summa theologica, w: Thomae Aquinatis Opera omnia, cum hypertextibus in CD-Rom, auctore R. Bussa, ed. 2, Milano 1996.
Weber M., Racjonalność, władza, odczarowanie, tłum. M. Holona, Poznań 2004.
Znaniecki F., Społeczne role uczonych, Warszawa 1984.
License
This is an open access journal.
Beginning with Issue 1/2024, all texts published under a Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0 licence.
The texts in Issues from 3/2018 to 4/2023 are published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence.
For aricles till 2/2018 your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation – see: Ustawa z dnia 4 lutego 1994 r. o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych.
