Influence of the Septuagint on the Typological Interpretation of Joshua and His Deeds in Justin Martyr's "Dialogue with Trypho, the Jew"
Leszek Misiarczyk
Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw , Polandhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9511-6174
Abstract
The aim of the article is to argue that the typological interpretation of Joshua and his actions in the Dialogue with Trypho, the Jew of Justin the Martyr, was possible only thanks to the hellenized version of the Old Testament known as the Septuagint. In the Introduction it was synthetically recalled that Justin in Dialogue argues with Marcionism and Judaism, and in Part 1 the status of the Septuagint in Judaism and ancient Christianity, as well as his methods of interpreting the Old Testament. In the second part, the author concentrates on the analysis of the relevant fragments of the Dialogue in which there is a typological interpretation of Joshua and his actions. The influence of the Septuagint on Justin's interpretation is manifested in several elements: the name Joshua, in Hebrew יְהוֹשֻעַ, according to the Septuagint, sounds exactly the same as the name of Jesus Christ ̓Ιησοῦς and is the basis for the presentation of Joshua as a type of Christ; the second circumcision of the Israelites by Joshua with stone knives after entering the Promised Land was a type and foreshadowing of the spiritual circumcision of the Gentile heart by Jesus Christ from stones, that is pagan deities and the error of the world; the blood of circumcision at Gilgal was a type of the blood of Christ's; stone knives (μαχαίρας πετρίνας) were a type of the teaching and words of Christ with which he circumcises the hearts of the pagans; the heap of twelve stones was a type of many heathens circumcised from the false polytheism.
Keywords:
Septuagint, typology, Joshua, Justin MartyrReferences
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Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw
Rev. Leszek Misiarczyk - Licenciate in Biblical Theology (S.T.L.), Doctor of Theology and Patristic Sciences (S.T.D.), Doctor of Philosophy in the humanities in the field of history (Ph.D.), Professor of the humanities, head of the Department of Research on the History of the Church in Antiquity at the Institute of History at the Faculty of History of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw. He has recently published Osiem logismoi w pismach Ewagriusza z Pontu, (Kraków – Tyniec 2007) (w nieznacznie zmienionej formie Osiem duchów zła i sposoby walki z nimi według Ewagriusza z Pontu, Kraków – Tyniec 2015), in the series “Ojcowie Kościoła komentują Biblię” [Church Fathers Comment the Bible] – Ewangelia według Marka (Ząbki 2009), Justyn Męczennik, 1 i 2 Apologia. Dialog z Żydem Tryfonem (wstępy, tłumaczenie tekstów z komentarzami) (Warszawa 2012), Egzorcyzmy w Kościele starożytnym od I do III wieku (Warszawa 2015); Ewangelistarz Płocki z XII wieku (Warszawa 2016); Ewangeliarz księżnej Anastazji (Warszawa 2017); Pontyfikał Płocki I, tom II: textus et in linguam Polonam translatio (Warszawa – Pelplin 2020).
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