EU Directive on Work-Life Balance for Parents and Carers in the Context of Human Resources Problems in the Polish Public Administration
Abstract
This article attempts to present and assess the adequacy of the solutions in the directive on work-life balance for parents and carers in the context of the problems and challenges faced by the Polish public administration in human resource management. The directive’s solutions are analyzed from the perspective of post-pandemic reality, demography, changes in the structure of society and equality, and growing numbers and activation of women in the labor market. An example of applying the WLB policy in the Polish civil service was also presented.
Keywords:
work-life balance, public administration, human resources, EU directiveReferences
Abendroth, Anja-Kristin., and Laura den Dulk. “Support for the Work-Life Balance in Europe: The Impact of State, Workplace, and Family Support on Work-Life Balance Satisfaction.” Work, Employment and Society 25, no. 2 (2011): 234–56. (Crossref)
Afifah, Nur Izzatul, and Aryana Satrya. “Work–Life Balance in the Public Sector: The Effect of Work from Home and Work Engagement.” In Contemporary Research on Management and Business, edited by Siska Noviaristanti, 123–6. London: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2022. (Crossref)
Anttila, Timo, Tomi Oinas, Mia Tammelin, and Jouko Nätti. “Working-Time Regimes and Work-Life Balance in Europe.” European Sociological Review 31, no. 6 (2015): 713–24. (Crossref)
Błażej, Mariola. “Kobiety na rynku pracy w nowoczesnych technologiach.” Thinkstat NASK. March 18, 2022. Accessed February 10, 2023. https://thinkstat.pl/aktualnosci/kobiety-na-rynku-pracy-w-nowoczesnych-technologiach.
Bulger, Carrie. “Work-Life Balance.” In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, edited by Alex C. Michalos, 7231–2. Heidelberg–New York–London: Springer Dordrecht, 2014. (Crossref)
Clark, Sue Campbell. “Work-Family Border Theory: A New Theory of Work-Life Balance.” Human Relations: Thousand Oaks 53, no. 6 (2000): 747–70. (Crossref)
De la Porte, Karolina, Zhen Jie Im, Brigitte Pircher, and Dorota Szelewa. “The EU’s Work-Life Balance Directive: Institutional Change of Father-Specific Leave across Member States.” Social Policy Administration 57, no. 4 (July 2023): 549–63. (Crossref)
Dudek, Joanna. “Work-Life Balance – An EU Perspective.” HRlaw.pl. May 16, 2022. Accessed February 10, 2023. https://hrlaw.pl/en/work-life-balance-an-eu-perspective/.
“Dyrektywa work-life balance niewdrożona, ale już działa.” Dziennik Gazeta Prawna. November 15, 2022. Accessed February 10, 2023. https://kadry.infor.pl/kodeks-pracy/przepisy-ogolne/5609546,dyrektywa-worklife-balance.html.
Edelmann, Noella, and Jeremy Millard. “Telework Development Before, during and after COVID-19, and Its Relevance for Organizational Change in the Public Sector.” ICEGOV ‘21: 14th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, October 2021, 436–42. (Crossref)
Eurofound. “European Company Surveys.” Accessed February 10, 2023. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/surveys/european-company-surveys.
Eurofound. “European Quality of Life Surveys (EQLS).” Accessed February 10, 2023. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/surveys/european-quality-of-life-surveys.
Eurofound. Fifth Round of the Living, Working and COVID-19 E-survey: Living in a New Era of Uncertainty. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2022.
Eurofound. Living, working and COVID-19:Mental health and trust decline across EU as pandemic enters another year. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2021.
Eurofound. “Work-life balance.” Accessed February 10, 2023. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/topic/work-life-balance.
European Commission. 2022 Report on Gender Equality in the EU. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg: 2022.
European Economy Institutional Papers. The 2021 Ageing Report: Economic and Budgetary Projections for the EU Member States (2019–2070). Country Fiche on public pensions for the Ageing Report 2021 – Poland, Brussels: 2021.
Eurostat. “Population Structure and Ageing.” Accessed February 10, 2023. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Population_structure_and_ageing.
Eurostat. “Reconciliation of Work and Family Life – Statistics.” Accessed February 10, 2023. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Reconciliation_of_work_and_family_life_-_statistics&oldid=511883#Background.
Główny Urząd Statystyczny. Kobiety i mężczyźni na rynku pracy. Warszawa: 2018.
Główny Urząd Statystyczny. Pracujący, bezrobotni i bierni zawodowo (wyniki wstępne Badania Aktywności Ekonomicznej Ludności). Warszawa: 2022.
Główny Urząd Statystyczny. Report on Preliminary Results National Census of Population and Housing 2021. Warszawa: 2022.
Gotowska, Małgorzata. “Work Life Balnace in the Balance Model of Life (Being).” In Relacja praca-życie pozazawodowe. Droga do zrównoważonego rozwoju jednostki, edited by Renata Tomaszewska-Lipiec, 61–6. Bydgoszcz: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kazimierza Wielkiego, 2014.
Gov.pl. “Konkurs na najlepsze praktyki WLB.” Accessed February 10, 2023. https://www.gov.pl/web/sluzbacywilna/konkurs-na-najlepsze-praktyki-wlb.
Greenhaus, Jeffrey, Karen M. Collins, and Jason D. Shaw. “The Relation between Work – Family Balance and Quality of Life.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 63, no. 3 (2003): 510–31. (Crossref)
Gross-Gołacka, Elwira. “Jak wygląda zarządzanie różnorodnością i work-life balance w Polsce.” In Odwaga i równowaga czyli work-life balanace po polsku, Karta różnorodności, 49–61. Warszawa: Forum Odpowiedzialnego Biznesu, 2020.
Hildt-Ciupińska, Katarzyna. “Work-life balance a wiek pracowników.” Bezpieczeństwo Pracy – Nauka i Praktyka, nr 10 (2014): 14–7. (Crossref)
INFOR PL S.A. “Dyrektywa work-life balance wchodzi w życie! Czy to szansa dla przepracowanych polskich rodziców?.” April 26, 2023. Accessed April 26, 2023. https://kadry.infor.pl/kodeks-pracy/czas-pracy/5731196,dyrektywa-worklife-balance.html.
Janowicz, Anna. “Przykłady wyzwań i istniejących rozwiązań z zakresu work-life balance w kontekście opieki nad dorosłymi osobami zależnymi.” In Odwaga i równowaga czyli work-life balance po polsku, 90–5. Warszawa: Karta różnorodności. Forum Odpowiedzialnego Biznesu, 2020.
Jarret, Joe. “American Society for Public Administration, Generation Y and the Work-life Balance: Challenges for Public Sector HR Professionals.” PA Times. Accessed February 10, 2023. https://patimes.org/generation-work-life-balance-challenges-public-sector-hr-professionals/.
Jendrzejczak, Marcin. “Pogarszają się prognozy demograficzne dla Polski.” FORSAL.PL. August 31, 2022. Accessed February 10, 2023. https://forsal.pl/gospodarka/demografia/artykuly/8525768,pogarszaja-sie-prognozy-demograficzne-dla-polski.html.
Kelly Services. Workers Preferences and Workplace Agility. Kelly Global Workforce Index, 2014.
Legalis administracja. “Zaledwie 1% ojców korzysta z urlopu rodzicielskiego a tylko ponad połowa z ojcowskiego.” September 24, 2023. Accessed September 24, 2023. https://gov.legalis.pl/zaledwie-1-ojcow-korzysta-z-urlopu-rodzicielskiego-a-tylko-ponad-polowa-z-ojcowskiego/.
Leśniak, Grażyna J. “Tata na (nowym) rodzicielskim – badanie Pracuj.pl.” Prawo.pl. February 9, 2023. Accessed February 9, 2023. https://www.prawo.pl/kadry/urlop-rodzicielski-dla-ojcow-badanie-pracujpl,519732.html.
Madureira, Cesar, and Belén Rando. “Teleworking in Portuguese Public Administration during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Advantages, Disadvantages, Work-Life Balance and Motivation.” Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation 16, no. 2 (2022): 119–139. (Crossref)
McKinsey & Company. Win-win: How empowering women can benefit Central and Eastern Europe, 2021.
Messyasz, Karolina. “Pokolenie Z na rynku pracy – strukturalne uwarunkowania i oczekiwania.” Acta Universitatis Lodziensis, Folia Sociologic 76, (2021): 97–114. (Crossref)
OECD. “Work-Life Balance and Family-Friendly Policies and Practices Are Available and Equally Used by Men and Women, Including at the Top.” Accessed February 10, 2023. https://www.oecd.org/gender/governance/toolkit/public-administration/gender-sensitive-employment-systems/work-life-balance/.
Polkowska, Dominika. “Work-life balance w nauce możliwy czy nie? Przykłady dobrych praktyk w wybranych uczelniach wyższych.” Humanizacja pracy. Jakość życia pracownika w perspektywie work – live balance? 274, no. 4 (2013): 137–52.
Sadowska-Snarska, Cecylia. “Wspieranie równowagi praca-życie pracowników na poziomie firm : teoria i praktyka.” Research Paper of Wrocław University of Economics, no. 292 (2013): 100–17.
Siemienkiewicz, Katarzyna. “Jak dyrektywa work-life balance zmieni polski Kodeks pracy?.” In Odwaga i równowaga czyli work-life balance po polsku, Karta różnorodności, 70–5. Warszawa: Forum Odpowiedzialnego Biznesu, 2020.
Sirgy, M. Joseph, and Dong-Jin Lee. “Work-Life Balance: An Integrative Review.” Applied Research in Quality of Life 13, (2018): 229–54. (Crossref)
Szczepański, Jarosław, and Łukasz Zamęcki. Praca zdalna w administracji publicznej w czasie pandemii COVID-19. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Instytutu Nauki o Polityce, 2021.
Vyas, Lina. “‘New Normal’ at Work in a Post-COVID World: Work–Life Balance and Labor Markets.” Policy and Society 41, no. 1 (March 2022): 155–67. (Crossref)
Wójcik, Katarzyna. “Work-life balance w służbie cywilnej. Do pracy z psem albo z dzieckiem.” Rzeczpospolita. December 29, 2021. Accessed February 10, 2023. https://www.rp.pl/urzednicy/art19240851-work-life-balance-w-sluzbie-cywilnej-do-pracy-z-psem-albo-z-dzieckiem.
Wrotniak, Malwina. “Nadchodzi work-life balance dla Polaków. ‘Pudrujemy trupa’.” Bankier.pl. October 20, 2022. Accessed October 20, 2023. https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Work-life-balance-dla-Polakow-Pudrujemy-trupa-8423959.html.
