IS RESTORATIVE JUSTICE AN APPROPRIATE LEGAL REMEDIATION FOR SEXUAL VIOLENCE?
Ena Kazic
Ass. prof. , Bosnia and HerzegovinaRialda Ćorović
Abstract
This paper questions applicability of restorative justice in cases of sexual violence. Specific nature and serious consequences of sexual violence are the reason why this question appeared. In order to find out the answer, authors represented the characteristics, mechanisms and nature of restorative justice, offering in the same time comparition of arguments in favor and against of applicability of restorative justice in this, particulary sensitive type of criminal offences. Together with review of different theoretical approaches to this matter, authors tested applicability of restorative justice in cases of sexual violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this paper normative, comparative and historical scientific methods have been used.
Keywords:
criminal offence, sexual violence, restorative justice, victimReferences
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Bazemore, Gordon, Umbreit, Mark. 1998. Guide for Implementing the Balanced and Restorative Justice Model, Washington: U.S. Department of Justice;
Bergseth, K., Bouffard, J. 2007. The Long-Term Impact of Restorative Justice Programming for Juvenile Offenders, Journal of Criminal Justice, vol. 35., No 4., Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 433.-451.;
Biffi, Emanuella. 2016. Practice Guide to restorative justice Services: The Victims’ Directive: Challenges and opportunities for Restorative Justice. Bruxell.
Bolitho, Jane and Freeman, Karen. 2016. “The Use and Effectiveness of Restorative Justice in criminal justice systems following child sexual abse or comparable harms”. “Report for the Royal Comission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse or comparable harms”.
Cetinić, Marinka. 1995. “Pogled na pitanje da li je potrebno preispitivanje inkriminacije silovanja”. “Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu”. Belgrade;
Christi, Nils. 1977. “Conflicts as property”. “The British Journal on Criminology”.
Clark, Janine Natalya. 2008. “The Three Rs: Retributive Justice, Restorative Justice and Reconciliation”. “Contemporary Justice Review”, vol. 11./No. 4./2008. Oxford: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. Available on: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/gcjr20/11/4.
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Code on Criminal Proceedings of Republika Srpska, Official GazzetteRS, No: 53/12)
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Ćopić, Sanja. 2010. Restorativna pravda i krivičnopravni sistem (doktorska disertacija). Niš: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Nišu;
Ćopić, Sanja. 2007. „Pojam i osnovni principi restorativne pravde”. „Temida”, vol. 10. - No. 1./2007, Beograd: Viktimološko društvo Srbije;
Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Official Gazzette of BiH, No.: 3/03, 32/03, 37/03, 54/04, 61/04, 30/05, 53/06, 55/06, 32/07, 8/10, 47/14, 22/15, 40/15;
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Criminal Code of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Official Gazette of FBH, No. 36/06, 37,03 21/04, 69/04, 18/05, 42/10, 42/11, 59/14, 76/14, 46/16;
Criminal Code of Federative Nation Republic of Yugoslavia, 1951;
Criminal Code of Republic Srspka, Official Gazzette of RS, No. 64/17;
Criminal Code of Republic of Germany, Federal Legal Gazzette No. 945/98;
Criminal Code of Republic of France, Official Gazzette No. 684/92, 25/93, 15/95, 06/99, 11/99, 37/99, 22/01, 03/03, 24/03, 79/03, 17/05, 43/05, 48/07, 09/09, 13/10, 42/10, 10/11, 15/14);
Daly, Kathleen. 2005. „Restorative vs. Retributive Justice“. Center for crime and justice studies, No. 60.
Gavrielides, Theo. 2007. Restorative Justice Theory and Practice: Addressing the Discrepancy, Helsinki: European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control;
Hudson, Barbara. 1998. “Restorative Justice: The Challenge of Sexual and Racial Violence”. “Journal Of Law And Society”, No.2: 237-256;
Keenan, Marie. and Zinsstag, Estelle. 2014. „Restorative Justice and Sexual Offences”. “Monatsschrift fur Kriminologie und Strafenrechtsreform”;
McAlinden, Anne-Marie (2008) Restorative Justice as a Response to Sexual Offending – Addressing the Failings of Current Punitive Approaches;
Mercer, Vince, Madsen, Karin Sten, Keenan, Marie and Zinsstag, Estelle. 2015. Doing Restorative Justice in Cases of Sexual Violence: A practice guide. Belgium: Leuven Institute of Criminology;
Mills, Linda G., Grauwiler, Peggy, Pezold, Nicole. 2006. “Enhancing Safety and Rehabilitation in Intimate Violence Treatments: New Perspectives”. Public Health Reports 121, no. 4: 363-368. May 29, 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1525346/;
Mirosavljević, Anja. 2010. „Modeli restorativne pravde u svijetu za mlade u sukobu sa zakonom i pregled istraživanja njihove učinkovitosti“. „Kriminologija i socijalna integracija“. Zagreb: Edukacijsko-rehabilitacijski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, vol. 18., br. 1., pp. 53.-64.;
Mrvić-Petrović, Nataša. and Đorđević, Đorđe. 1998. Moć i nemoć kazne. Beograd: Vojnoizdavački zavod: 89.- 90.
Petrović, Borislav. and Meško, Gorazd. 2004. Kriminologija. Sarajevo: University in Sarajevo;
Proietti-Scifoni, Gitana and Daly, Kathleen. 2011. “Gendered violence and restorative justice: the views of New Zealand Opinion Leaders”. “Contemporary Justice Review”: 1-41. DOI: 10.1080/10282580.2011.589666.
Šimić, Goran, Kazić, Ena. 2017. „The contribution of prosecutors to the failure of damage claims of victims in war crimes trials at the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina“. „Iliria International Review“, Vol. 7, No. 2: 85-92;
Wheeldon, Johannes. 2009. “Finding Common Ground: Restorative Justice and its Theoretical Construction(s) (online)”. “Contemporary Justice Review”. Oxford: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, vol. 12.- No 1./2009: 91-100.
World Health Organization Report on Sexual and Reproductive Health. May 29, 2018. https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/violence/sexual_violence/en/;
Wosner, Gunda. 2014. “Developing Sexual Offenders Laws and Treatment in Europe”, “Monatsschrift fur Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform”, Vol 97, No. 1.
http://www.cscsb.org/restorative_justice/retribution_vs_restoration.html.
“The Origins of Restorative Justice”. May 29, 2018. http://www.restorativeapproaches.eu/origins.
“Preventing sexual violence”. May 29, 2018. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/sexualviolence/definitions.html.
“A Report on Reparations and Remedies for Victims of Sexual and Gender based Violence”. “A Report for REDRESS” ” 2016. Oxford: University of Oxford, 02.06.2018 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11115-005-5093-8#page-1;
Bazemore, Gordon, O'Brien, Sandra, Carey, Mark. “The Synergy and Substance of Organizational and Community Change in the Response to Crime and Conflict: The Emergence and Potential of Restorative Justice (online)”. 2005. Public Organisation Review, vol. 5. – No. 4./2005. Springer Science & Business Media B.V., Dordrecht;
Bazemore, Gordon, Umbreit, Mark. 1998. Guide for Implementing the Balanced and Restorative Justice Model, Washington: U.S. Department of Justice;
Bergseth, K., Bouffard, J. 2007. The Long-Term Impact of Restorative Justice Programming for Juvenile Offenders, Journal of Criminal Justice, vol. 35., No 4., Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 433.-451.;
Biffi, Emanuella. 2016. Practice Guide to restorative justice Services: The Victims’ Directive: Challenges and opportunities for Restorative Justice. Bruxell.
Bolitho, Jane and Freeman, Karen. 2016. “The Use and Effectiveness of Restorative Justice in criminal justice systems following child sexual abse or comparable harms”. “Report for the Royal Comission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse or comparable harms”.
Cetinić, Marinka. 1995. “Pogled na pitanje da li je potrebno preispitivanje inkriminacije silovanja”. “Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu”. Belgrade;
Christi, Nils. 1977. “Conflicts as property”. “The British Journal on Criminology”.
Clark, Janine Natalya. 2008. “The Three Rs: Retributive Justice, Restorative Justice and Reconciliation”. “Contemporary Justice Review”, vol. 11./No. 4./2008. Oxford: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. Available on: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/gcjr20/11/4.
Code on Criminal Proceedings of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Official Gazzette of FBH, No: 35/03, 37/03, 56/03, 78/04, 28/05, 55/06, 27/07, 53/07, 9/09, 12/10, 8/13 and 59/14;
Code on Criminal Proceedings of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Official Gazzette BH, No: 3/03, 32/03, 36/03, 26/04, 63/04, 13/05, 48/05, 46/06, 76/06, 29/07, 32/07, 53/07, 76/07, 15/08, 58/08, 12/09, 16/09, 93/09 and 72/13;
Code on Criminal Proceedings of Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Official GazzetteBDBiH, No: 10/03, 48/04, 6/05, 14/07, 19/07, 21/07, 2/08, 17/09 and 9/13;
Code on Criminal Proceedings of Republika Srpska, Official GazzetteRS, No: 53/12)
Ćopić, Sanja. and Nikolic-Ristanovic,Vesna. 2012. “Developing alternative understandings of security and justice through restorative justice approaches in intercultural settings within democratic societies”. Viktimolosko drustvo Srbije;
Ćopić, Sanja. 2010. Restorativna pravda i krivičnopravni sistem (doktorska disertacija). Niš: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Nišu;
Ćopić, Sanja. 2007. „Pojam i osnovni principi restorativne pravde”. „Temida”, vol. 10. - No. 1./2007, Beograd: Viktimološko društvo Srbije;
Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Official Gazzette of BiH, No.: 3/03, 32/03, 37/03, 54/04, 61/04, 30/05, 53/06, 55/06, 32/07, 8/10, 47/14, 22/15, 40/15;
Criminal Code of Brčko District BH, Official Gazette BD, No. 10/03, 45/04, 6/05, 21/10, 47/11, 52/11, 33/13;
Criminal Code of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Official Gazette of FBH, No. 36/06, 37,03 21/04, 69/04, 18/05, 42/10, 42/11, 59/14, 76/14, 46/16;
Criminal Code of Federative Nation Republic of Yugoslavia, 1951;
Criminal Code of Republic Srspka, Official Gazzette of RS, No. 64/17;
Criminal Code of Republic of Germany, Federal Legal Gazzette No. 945/98;
Criminal Code of Republic of France, Official Gazzette No. 684/92, 25/93, 15/95, 06/99, 11/99, 37/99, 22/01, 03/03, 24/03, 79/03, 17/05, 43/05, 48/07, 09/09, 13/10, 42/10, 10/11, 15/14);
Daly, Kathleen. 2005. „Restorative vs. Retributive Justice“. Center for crime and justice studies, No. 60.
Gavrielides, Theo. 2007. Restorative Justice Theory and Practice: Addressing the Discrepancy, Helsinki: European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control;
Hudson, Barbara. 1998. “Restorative Justice: The Challenge of Sexual and Racial Violence”. “Journal Of Law And Society”, No.2: 237-256;
Keenan, Marie. and Zinsstag, Estelle. 2014. „Restorative Justice and Sexual Offences”. “Monatsschrift fur Kriminologie und Strafenrechtsreform”;
McAlinden, Anne-Marie (2008) Restorative Justice as a Response to Sexual Offending – Addressing the Failings of Current Punitive Approaches;
Mercer, Vince, Madsen, Karin Sten, Keenan, Marie and Zinsstag, Estelle. 2015. Doing Restorative Justice in Cases of Sexual Violence: A practice guide. Belgium: Leuven Institute of Criminology;
Mills, Linda G., Grauwiler, Peggy, Pezold, Nicole. 2006. “Enhancing Safety and Rehabilitation in Intimate Violence Treatments: New Perspectives”. Public Health Reports 121, no. 4: 363-368. May 29, 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1525346/;
Mirosavljević, Anja. 2010. „Modeli restorativne pravde u svijetu za mlade u sukobu sa zakonom i pregled istraživanja njihove učinkovitosti“. „Kriminologija i socijalna integracija“. Zagreb: Edukacijsko-rehabilitacijski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, vol. 18., br. 1., pp. 53.-64.;
Mrvić-Petrović, Nataša. and Đorđević, Đorđe. 1998. Moć i nemoć kazne. Beograd: Vojnoizdavački zavod: 89.- 90.
Petrović, Borislav. and Meško, Gorazd. 2004. Kriminologija. Sarajevo: University in Sarajevo;
Proietti-Scifoni, Gitana and Daly, Kathleen. 2011. “Gendered violence and restorative justice: the views of New Zealand Opinion Leaders”. “Contemporary Justice Review”: 1-41. DOI: 10.1080/10282580.2011.589666.
Šimić, Goran, Kazić, Ena. 2017. „The contribution of prosecutors to the failure of damage claims of victims in war crimes trials at the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina“. „Iliria International Review“, Vol. 7, No. 2: 85-92;
Wheeldon, Johannes. 2009. “Finding Common Ground: Restorative Justice and its Theoretical Construction(s) (online)”. “Contemporary Justice Review”. Oxford: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, vol. 12.- No 1./2009: 91-100.
World Health Organization Report on Sexual and Reproductive Health. May 29, 2018. https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/violence/sexual_violence/en/;
Wosner, Gunda. 2014. “Developing Sexual Offenders Laws and Treatment in Europe”, “Monatsschrift fur Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform”, Vol 97, No. 1.
http://www.cscsb.org/restorative_justice/retribution_vs_restoration.html.
“The Origins of Restorative Justice”. May 29, 2018. http://www.restorativeapproaches.eu/origins.
“Preventing sexual violence”. May 29, 2018. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/sexualviolence/definitions.html.
Kazic, E., & Ćorović, R. (2019). IS RESTORATIVE JUSTICE AN APPROPRIATE LEGAL REMEDIATION FOR SEXUAL VIOLENCE?. Review of European and Comparative Law, 37(2), 65–95. https://doi.org/10.31743/recl.4774
