MODELS OF THE LEGAL CONSTRUCT OF CONSENT FOR POST MORTEM ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION ILLUSTRATED BY THE EXAMPLE OF POLAND, NORWAY AND USA
Emilia Sarnacka
PhD, Medical University of Bialystok, Department of Medical Law and Ethics . Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, School of Public Health , PolandAbstract
Each country which allows for organ transplantation developed legal regula-tions concerning the related procedure the objective of which is to both ensure the safety of the procedure and to prevent trafficking in human organs . There are however substantial differences between the solutions adopted by particular legislators .The most commonly used models include the legal construct of explicit consent (represented by Norwegian legislator) and presumed consent (adopted in Poland) . A half-way model described as a bridge between those two constructs is the gift law construct adopted in the USA .The analysis of particular legal regulations related to transplantology may have an impact on amendments to Polish legislation aiming at an increase in the number of organ transplants .
Keywords:
transplantation, gift law, medical lawReferences
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Wróbel, Aleksander . 2016 . “Comparative law studies in criminal law on the basis of criminal law system in Poland, Ukraine, and Russia – From theory to prac-tice”, “Scientific Papers of Jagiellonian University PhD Students Association . Social Sciences”, 15(4): 264 .
Załuski, Wojciech . 2014 . “An evaluation of the Principles of Contest to Organs Retrieval”, “Prawo i Więź”, 3(9): 38-48 .
Bennett, Mia . 2008 . “Icy/Hot: Norway and Finnish Policy toward the Euro-pean Union”, Claremont: UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union, Vol 2008, article 3, DOI: 10.5642/urceu .200801.03 available at: http://scholarship .claremont .edu/cgi/viewcontent .cgi?article=1014 &context=urceu .
Białek, Katarzyna . 2016 . “Why do we agree to organ donation? Factors of trans-plantation decision making)”, “Pielęgniarstwo i Zdrowie Publiczne”, 6: 160 .
Boczek, Michał . 2016 . “Transplantation of business”, In: New medical procedures vs law, ed . Sobczak, Jacek, Reshef, Magdalena . Toruń: Adam Marszałek Publishing House .
Boratyński, Wojciech, Mularczyk, Paulina, Sarnacka, Emilia . 2016 . “Opinions and attitudes of students of public health to the issues of transplantation medicine”, “Progress of Health Sciences:, 6(2): 145 .
Buczyński, Szymon, Snopek, Paweł . 2013 . “Criminal aspects of illicit trafficking in human organ, tissues and cells”, “Hygeia Public Health”, 49(2): 229-234 .
Czyż, Kamil . 2007 . “Civil society as the prerequisite of democratic state”, “ZNZE WSIiZ”, 1(3): 175-197 .
Dal Sasso Mendes, Karina, de Aguiar Roza, Bartira, de Fatima Faria Barbosa, Sayonara , Schrimer, Janine, Maria Galvao, Cristina . 2012 . “Organ and tissue transplantation: responsibilities of nurses”, “Text Context Nursing”, 21(4): 946 .
Dubowski, Rafał . 2017 . “Non omnis moriar. Organ Procurement for transplant under Spanish law against the background of Polish law”, In: Nasciturus pro iam nato habetur: on protection of conceived baby and the mother, ed . Gołaczyński, Jacek, Mazurkiewicz, Jacek, Turłukowski, Jarosław, Karkut, Daniel . Wrocław: Wydział Prawa, Administracji I ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Oficyna Prawnicza .
Duda, Juliusz . 2011 . Medical Transplantation Issue Viewed from the Civil-Law Perspective . Warsaw: Wolters Kluwer . Gałkowski, Jerzy W, Kanafa, Łukasz . 2010 . “Civil Society and Morality”, “Annales Ethics in Economic Life”, 13: 69-75 .
Gardocki, Lech . 2013 . “The Concept of Offence and the Classification of Offenc-es in Polish Criminal Law”, “Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska Lublin – Polonia, Sectio G”, LX, 2: 29-30 .
Glazier, Alexandra K . 2011 . “The principles of gift law and the regulation of organ donation”, Transplant International, 24: 686 . doi:10 .1111/j . 1432-2277 .2011 .01226 .x .
Głogowska, Anna . 2013 . “Trafficking in persons for the purpose of organ removal from an international legal perspective”, “Białostockie Studia Prawnicze”, 13: 137-145 . Guzik-Makaruk, Ewa Monika . 2008 . Organ, tissue, and cells transplant in legal and criminological terms, Białystok: Temida 2 .
Haberko, Joanna, Uhrynowska – Tyszkiewicz, Izabela . 2014 . Act on procure-ment, storing and transplantation of cells, tissues and organs . Commentary, Warsaw: Wolters Kluwer .
Haberko, Joanna . 2009 . “Current medical knowledge and using homeopathy”, “Medyczna Wokanda”, 1: 47-59
Haberko, Joanna . 2011 . “A few comments on ex mortuo tissue, cell, and organ extraction from foreign donors”, “Medyczna Wokanda”, 3: 102 .
Haberko, Joanna . 2012 . “Applying techniques of medically supported procreation not only for parental purposes . The problem of ‘baby-biological resupply vehicle’”, “Wokanda Medyczna”, 4: 31-43 .
Hołub, Grzegorz . 2009 . “About two ways of acquiring organs for transplantation”, “Studia Gdańskie”, XXV: 129-146 .
Jasudowicz, Tadeusz . Czepek, Jakub, Kapelańska – Pręgowska, Julia . 2014 . International Bioethics Standards . Documents and judicial practice, Warsaw: Wolters Kluwer
Jurek, Joanna, Chwal, Martyna, Janusz, Bernadetta, de Barbaro Bogdan . 2011 . “Organ Extraction post mortem: psychological situation of the family, cultural context, the role of professionals (Family context of decisions on the deceased relative’s organ donation . Research review)”, “Psychoterapia”, 4 (159): 51-64 .
Klimaszewska, Krystyna, Baranowska, Anna . 2016 . “Evaluation of social attitudes towards transplantology”, In: Transplantology and transplantological nurs-ing, ed . Rolka, Hanna, Beata Kowalewska, Barbara Jankowiak, Elżbieta Kra-jewska – Kułak, Warsaw: PZWL, 2016 .
Konarska, Paulina . 2015 . “Ex mortuo Transplantation with the participation of a minor donor”, Studia Iuridica Toruniensia, 17: 120 .
Konarska, Paulina . 2016 . “Post mortem extraction and transplantation of organs, tissues, and cells in Asia exemplified by Singapore and India – selected aspects”, “Studies in Law: Research Papers”, 1(18): 142-144 .
Konarska, Paulina . 2016 . “Post mortem extraction and transplantation of organs, tissues, and cells in Asia exemplified by Singapore and India – selected aspects”, “Studies in Law: Research Papers”, 1(18): 142-144 .149
Kośmider-Cichomska, Alina . 2002 . Attitudes to Organ Transplantation . Report on Research, Warsaw: Ipsos-Demosop for “United for Transplantation” Foundation .
Krasnowolski, Andrzej . 2013 . Professions of Public Trust Regulated Professions and Independent Professions . Origins, functioning and current problems, Warsaw: Chancellery of the Senate, Thematic Papers OT-625 .
Kubiak, Rafał . 2010 . “Medical law” . Warsaw: C .H . Beck .
Kuddus, R . H ., Mehrizy, R . S ., Minaie, A ., El-Saidi, M . A ., El Ezzi, A .A . 2014 . “Motivation for organ donation among college students in the United States”, Transplantation Proceedings, 46(6): 2046-9 . doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.06.022.
“Lexicon of Medical Law . 100 basic terms”, ed . Adam Górski, Warsaw: C .H . Beck, 2012, p . 237 .
Lindsell, Jonathan . 2015 . The Norwegian Way . A case study for Britain’s future relationship with the EU, London Civitas: Institute for the Study of Civil Society
Maj–Waśniowska, Katarzyna . 2015 . “Dilemmas of civil society in Poland”, “Research papers of Wrocław University of Economics”, 404: 170-189 .
Nair-Collins, Michael, Green, Sydney R ., Sutin, Angelina R . 2015 . “Abandon-ing the dead donor rule? A national survey of public views on death and organ donation”, Journal Medical Ethics, 41(4): 297-302 . doi: 10.1136/medethics-2014-102229 .
Nathan, Howard, Conrad, Suzanne L ., Held, Philip J ., McCullough, Keith P ., Pietroski, Richard E ., Siminoff, Laura A ., Ojo, Akinlolu O . 2003 . “Organ donation in the United States”, “American Journal of Transplantation”, 3 (Suppl . 4): 32 .
Nestorowicz, Mirosław . 2007 . „Medical Law”, Edition VIII, Toruń: Towarzystwo Naukowe Organizacji I Kierownictwa .
Nowacka, Maria . 2013 . “Ethics of Transplantation”, In: Bioethics, ed . Joanna Różyńska, Weronika Chańska, Warsaw: Wolters Kluwer.
Olejniczak, Elwira, Beata Kukiela . 2012 . “Media image of ex mortuo transplanta-tion and legal regulations”, “Folia Linguistica”, 46: 86 .
Paszkowska, Małgorzata . “Legal admissibility of transplantation as a method of treatment” “Review of Rzeszów University and National Medicines Institute in Warsaw”, 4: 546.
Paszkowska, Małgorzata . 2011 . “Legal admissibility of transplantation as a meth-od of treatment”, “Medical Review of Rzeszów University and National Med-icines Institute in Warsaw”, 4: 546.
Rowiński, Wojciech . 2011 . “Legal, ethical, social, and organisational aspects of organ transplantation in Poland (Data as of the end of 2009)”, In: Public Health . Selected Aspects . Vol . II, ed . Janusz Opolski, Warsaw: Medical Post-graduate Training Centre.
Rzepliński, Andrzej . 2002 . “Legal limits of human organ and tissue transplantation admissibility under the provisions of the European Council”, “Prawo i Medycyna:, 2(12 vol . 4) .
Sarnacka, Emilia . 2016 . “Legal aspects of transplantation” . In: Transplantology and transplantological nursing, ed . Rolka, Hanna, Beata Kowalewska, Barbara Jankowiak, Elżbieta Krajewska – Kułak, Warsaw: PZWL, 2016.
Sasinowski, Henryk . 2012 . “Civil society and its role in the creation of democra-cy”, “Economy and Management” 1: 33 .
Szeroczyńska, Małgorzata, Czarkowski, Marek, Krajnik, Małgorzata, Krajewski, Romuald, Pawłowski, Leszek, Adamczyk, Anna, Borczak-Oplustil, Agnieszka, Aszyk, Piotr, Kobyiński, Andrzej, Pasierski, Tomasz, Sobański, Piotr, Filipczak-Bryniarska, Iwona, Kuć, Dariusz, Orońska, Anna, Smoderek, Karolina, Lichodziejewska-Niemierko, Monika, Bołoz, Wojciech, 2016 . “The institution of health care agent in Polish legislation: position of the Polish Working Group on End-of-Life Ethics”, “Practical Medicine”, 5: 102-112.
Szeroczynska, Małgorzata, Czarkowski, Marek, Krajnik, Marek and partners: “The institution of health care agent in Polish legislation: position of the Pol-ish Working Group on End-of-Life Ethics” . “Pol . Arch . Intern . Med .”, 2016 . doi: 10.20452/pamw.3405.
Tokarczyk, Roman . 2000 . “Outline of regulation on human organs transplanta-tion”, Legal, Economic and Sociological Movement, LXII(1): 20 .
Trzcińska, Magdalena, Woderska, Aleksandra, Włodarczyk, Zbigniew . 2014 . “Psychological principles in regard to the interview with the deceased donor’s family” . “Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy”, 47: 200–207 .
Woderska, Nina . 2013 . “The role of family in making decision on being an organ donor for transplantation”, “Polish Nursing”, 1(47): 7-11 .
Wróbel, Aleksander . 2016 . “Comparative law studies in criminal law on the basis of criminal law system in Poland, Ukraine, and Russia – From theory to prac-tice”, “Scientific Papers of Jagiellonian University PhD Students Association . Social Sciences”, 15(4): 264 .
Załuski, Wojciech . 2014 . “An evaluation of the Principles of Contest to Organs Retrieval”, “Prawo i Więź”, 3(9): 38-48 .
Sarnacka, E. (2017). MODELS OF THE LEGAL CONSTRUCT OF CONSENT FOR POST MORTEM ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION ILLUSTRATED BY THE EXAMPLE OF POLAND, NORWAY AND USA. Review of European and Comparative Law, 29(2), 47–83. https://doi.org/10.31743/recl.4268
Emilia Sarnacka
emilia.sarnacka@umb.edu.pl
PhD, Medical University of Bialystok, Department of Medical Law and Ethics . Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, School of Public Health
PhD, Medical University of Bialystok, Department of Medical Law and Ethics . Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, School of Public Health
