Accessibility of using of the religious content on the individual registration plates of vehicles in Poland
Abstract
According to the aforementioned legal regulations it results that the Polish legal system allows registration of a vehicle with an individual registration plate from as late as the 21st of September of 2002. The individuality of the registration plates consists in granting by decision of state authority solely letter and number that both constitute the distinguishing feature of each voivodship. The rest of characters in the individual registration plate is specified by an interested owner of given vehicle but always according to the binding Polish law. The regulation in Poland provides that the individual distinguishing feature of the registration plate should consist of word, abbreviation or expression formulated in Polish language of the length of maximally five characters and without any offensive text or content inconsistent with the social co-existence principles. The administrative law does not contain its own autonomous definition of “the social co-existence principles”. Therefore, by interpreting of usage of these principles within the administrative law it is necessary to apply the way of understanding of them present in article 5 of the Civil Code altogether with the jurisprudence of the general and administrative courts of law and with the doctrine of the subject. Moreover, the expression “the social co-existence principles” is “joint term which includes numerous general clauses” in connection with the moral norms. In author’s opinion the potential content of the religious character on the individual registration plates can be divided into two categories on the basis of its collision with the social co-existence principles. The first group contains the examples that are absolutely unacceptable, as for instance: “JESUS”, “ALLAH”, “BUDDHA” or the abbreviations such as: “JPII”, “PIOX”, “JOHN23”. The second category includes the registration plates that contain the content alien to our religious and legal culture, such us: “ZEUS”, “ARES”, “PTAH”. The latter ones are admissible.
Keywords:
(individual) registration plates , offence of religious feelings of an individual, the social co-existence principles, Churches and Religious Association , law on religion , religious freedom, freedom of conscience and religion, freedom of religionReferences
Adamiak B., Borkowski J., Kodeks postępowania administracyjnego. Komentarz, wyd. 5, Warszawa 2003.
Dajczak W., Zasady współżycia społecznego czy dobra wiara, „Rejent” 2001, nr 1.
Janiszewska B., Pojęcie dobrej wiary w rozumieniu obiektywnym a zasady współżycia społecznego, „Przegląd Ustawodawstwa Gospodarczego” 2003, nr 9.
Leszczyński L., Konstytucyjność art. 5 kodeksu cywilnego – tezy Trybunału Konstytucyjnego w świetle teorii prawa, „Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego” 2001, z. 3.
Matysiak W.P., Glosa do wyroku SN z dnia 27 czerwca 2001 r., II CKN 604/00, „Przegląd Prawa Handlowego” 2002, nr 8.
Pyziak-Szafnicka M., Komentarz do art. 5 Kodeksu cywilnego, LEX.
Radwański Z., Uwagi de lege ferenda o klauzulach generalnych w prawie prywatnym, „Przegląd Legislacyjny” 2001, nr 2.
Rynkowski M., Status prawny kościołów i związków wyznaniowych w Unii Europejskiej, Warszawa 2004.
Sokołowski T., Komentarz do art. 5 Kodeksu cywilnego, LEX.
Szpunar A., O zastrzeżeniu nadmiernych odsetek umownych, „Przegląd Prawa Handlowego” 2001, nr 10.
Jagiellonian University
Dr hab., Zakład Prawa Kościelnego i Wyznaniowego, Wydział Prawa i Administracji, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Gołębia 9, 31-007 Kraków
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-886XLicense
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- According to the Act of 4 February 1994 on copyright and related rights, the author of a publication transfers to the publisher the proprietary copyright of his or her work in all fields of exploitation known on the date of concluding an agreement with the publisher.
- Texts submitted for publication in Studia z Prawa Wyznaniowegocannot infringe the copyright of third parties. The author declares the originality of his or her publication when completing a declaration and signing a publishing agreement.
- Authors are permitted to post the publisher's version of their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories, academia.edu, researchgate.net or on their website) after its initial publication in this journal.
- With the consent of the editors, texts published in Studia z Prawa Wyznaniowego can be republished in other publications (provided that their original place of publication is acknowledged).
- This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.
